Last 5 Year PYQs in PSM for NEET PG

Q1. How is sharp waste disposed of?

1. Yellow bag
2. Red bag
3. Blue bag
4. White bag

Ans. 4) White bag

• Sharp wastes such as needles, scalpel blades, cannulas, lancets, and broken glass slides are disposed of in the puncture- and leak-proof white bag.

Q2. As per the Factories Act 1948, what is the maximum number of work hours allowed per week, including any hours worked as overtime?

1. 48 hours
2. 72 hours
3. 60 hours
4. 66 hours

Ans. 3) 60 hours

Maximum work hours per week, including overtime work hours, is 60 hours.

• Hours of work:
  • 48 hours per week or 9 hours per day.
  • 60 hours per week, including overtime.
  • 4 and ½ hours per day for adolescents.
  • Women and adolescents can only be employed between 6 am and 7 pm.

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Q3. Which of the following is an example of prospective screening?

1. Cervical Pap smear in a 40-year-old patient
2. Neonatal screening of a new-born baby for hypothyroidism
3. Screening of immigrants for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis
4. Urine for sugar screening in a 40-year-old man

Ans. 3) Screening of immigrants for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis

• Screening immigrants for diseases like tuberculosis ensures the health of both immigrant and host populations.

Q4. In which of the following analyses is the financial advantage quantified?

1. Cost-effective analysis
2. Cost-benefit analysis
3. Network analysis
4. Input-Output analysis

Ans. 2) Cost-benefit Analysis

Cost-benefit analysis: Cost-benefit analysis measures the outcome of a program in monetary terms. It compares the economic benefits and cost of the program.

Q5. What is the next course of action in managing a 24-month-old child weighing 11 kg who was presented to the pediatric OPD with a respiratory rate of 38/min and chest indrawing observed during examination?

1. Oral ampicillin for five days
2. Urgent referral to the tertiary care centre immediately
3. Administer IV antibiotics and ask the patient to be brought after 24 hours
4. Start antipyretics urgently

Ans. 1) Oral amoxicillin for five days

• A clinical scenario of a 24-month-old child having a respiratory rate of 38/min and chest pain is suggestive of pneumonia.
• The management for pneumonia recommended is amoxicillin for five days (Amoxicillin syrup) and home care advice.

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Q6. Which type of thermometer is employed to assess the low air velocity rather than the cooling efficiency of the air?

1. Kata thermometer
2. Globe thermometer
3. Wet globe thermometer
4. Dial thermometer

Ans. 1) Kata thermometer

• Among the given options, the Kata thermometer is the most suitable for measuring low air velocity. While other thermometers can indirectly provide information about air movement and cooling power, they have specific purposes related to other aspects of temperature measurement and thermal comfort.
• The Kata thermometer is specifically designed for assessing air velocity and is the best choice for this particular requirement. It is used to measure the low air velocity rather than the cooling power of the air. It is specifically designed to measure air movement or wind speed, making it suitable for applications where assessing air velocity is important.

Q7. What is the vector that causes the occurrence of buboes in the community?

1. Xenopsylla cheopis
2. Phlebotomus argentipes
3. Ixodes tick
4. Female Anopheles mosquito

Ans. 1) Xenopsylla cheopis

Xenopsylla cheopis, commonly known as the Oriental rat flea, is the vector responsible for transmitting the bacteria Yersinia pestis, which causes bubonic plague. The bacteria are typically harbored by rodents, especially rats, and the flea becomes infected by feeding on an infected host. When the infected flea subsequently bites a human, it can transmit the bacteria, leading to the development of buboes.

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Q8. The Pathanamthitta district of Kerala was affected by floods and the government distributed doxycycline tablets for prophylaxis. Which other chemical will be distributed along with it?

1. Zinc phosphide
2. Malathion
3. Lindane
4. Paris green

Ans. 2) Malathion

Malathion: Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide commonly used to control mosquitoes and other insects. It is often employed in mosquito control programs during and after floods to reduce the population of disease-carrying mosquitoes. Given that the scenario involves flood-related prophylaxis, it is likely that malathion would be distributed along with doxycycline tablets to help combat the mosquito population and minimize the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Q9. After admitting a patient involved in a road traffic accident, blood has been spilled on the hospital floor. Which disinfectant would you select for cleaning the floor?

1. Ethyl alcohol
2. Chlorhexidine
3. Sodium hypochlorite
4. Formaldehyde

Ans. 3) Sodium hypochlorite

• Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is potent against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Effective for bloodborne pathogen inactivation, ideal for cleaning blood-contaminated hospital floors.

Q10. What is the classification of the air quality index in Delhi station on November 23, based on the provided air pollution index chart for 4 consecutive days?

Date  -  AQI

Nov 21: 350 Nov 22: 340 Nov 23: 407 Nov 24: 356

1. Moderately polluted
2. Poor
3. Very poor
4. Severe

Ans. 4) Severe

• Based on the given data, the AQI for November 23 is 407, which falls within the "severe" air quality category. 
• Severe: Severe air quality is typically associated with an AQI range above 400. The air quality is considered hazardous and poses a significant health risk to the general population.
• Exposure indicates that this level of air pollution can cause severe respiratory symptoms, aggravate existing health conditions, and have widespread adverse effects on public health.

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Q11. A child has been complaining of loose stools for the past 4 days, along with an increase in frequency. During the examination, the child appears drowsy and is unable to feed properly, and when the skin is pinched, it retracts very slowly. According to the guidelines of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI), will this child be categorized as having?

1. Mild dehydration
2. Some dehydration
3. Severe dehydration
4. Moderate dehydration

Ans. 3) Severe dehydration

• The patient’s presentation with drowsiness and being unable to feed properly, and when the skin is pinched, it retracts very slowly, is suggestive of severe dehydration.
• The IMNCI dehydration classification system:

Q12. The average life expectancy for a woman in Japan is 87 years. Due to recent advances in testing for cervical cancer, there is an increase in life expectancy by 15 years. The healthcare utility value is 0.8. Which of the following can be calculated from the parameters given?

1. HALE
2. DALY
3. DFLE
4. QALY

Ans. 4) QALY

• QALY measures both life expectancy and quality of life gained from a health intervention.
• Formula: (Life expectancy with intervention - Life expectancy without intervention) × Utility value.
• For the given scenario: life expectancy without intervention = 87 years; life expectancy with intervention = 87 + 15   utility value = 0.8.
• Thus, QALY = (87 + 15 - 87) × 0.8 = 12.0.

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Q13. As a medical professional at a primary health center (PHC) located in a region prone to frequent seismic activities, what measures would you take to ensure preparedness in the event of an emergency?

• Disaster preparedness by making sure all financial and other resources are available 
• Increase public awareness through campaigns and loudspeakers
• Conduct a simulation for the disaster and assess the response 
• Follow instructions given over the phone or radio by higher officials

1. 1,2,3,4
2. 2,3,4
3. 1,2,3
4. 1,2,4

Ans. 3) 1, 2, 3

• It is necessary to make sure that all the financial and other resources available at the time of disaster are available for survival. 
• Disaster shows much more impact when the population doesn’t know or is not aware of it, so it is essential to increase public awareness through campaigns and loudspeakers. 
• To increase the probability of surviving a disaster, it is significant enough to conduct a simulation to provide an idea of what things one should follow at the time of disaster. 

Q14. Although many animals are implicated in the spread of rabies, dogs are the most common ones. Also, it usually affects children in developing countries. Knowing this, what is the most cost-effective and logical way to reduce the incidence of rabies?

1. Testing all the dogs for rabies
2. Reduce stray dog population and vaccinate all dogs
3. Increase the laboratory facilities
4. Increase capacity of healthcare workers for surveillance

Ans. 2) Reduce the stray dog population and vaccinate all dogs

• Reducing stray dogs and vaccinating all dogs is the feasible option to reduce the incidence of rabies. It would require comparatively less time to vaccinate the dogs than to test them for rabies and by reducing stray dogs, the chances of getting bitten by them can be directly reduced.

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Q15. Which of the following steps is excluded from the STEP approach of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

1. Therapeutic assessment
2. Physical assessment
3. Psychological assessment
4. Behavioral assessment

Ans. 1) Therapeutic assessment

• Using the WHO stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS), nations can gather, analyze, and disseminate essential data on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). STEPs is a globally comparable, standardized, and integrated surveillance tool. With this, they assess physical aspects, psychological aspects, and behavioral aspects but not therapeutic aspects. 

Q16. What is the most effective treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura among the options provided?

1. IV immunoglobulins
2. Steroids
3. Splenectomy
4. Blood transfusion

Ans. 3) Splenectomy

Splenectomy is considered the best treatment option for ITP in patients who do not respond to other treatments or who have chronic or recurrent ITP. The spleen is the primary site of platelet destruction in ITP, and removing it can help increase platelet counts and improve symptoms.

Q17. Which of the following criteria would you utilize to evaluate the effectiveness of the malaria surveillance system implemented by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme?

1. Annual Parasite Index
2. Annual Blood Examination Rate
3. Slide positivity rate
4. Slide falciparum rate

Ans. 2) Annual Blood Examination Rate

• Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER): The ABER is the percentage of the population at risk of malaria who have undergone blood examination for malaria parasites. It indicates the coverage of the population undergoing diagnostic testing for malaria and is used to assess the efficiency of the surveillance system.

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Q18. Which of the following statements is incorrect in relation to confounding factors?

1. It can be reduced by matching
2. It is associated individually with both cause and effect
3. It is distributed equally in both study and control groups
4. It is associated with the exposure of the study

Ans. 3) It is distributed equally in both study and control groups

• Confounding factors, associated with both exposure and outcome, often differ between study and control groups, leading to biased results.

Q19. Which of the following is the best level of prevention of breast cancer?

1. Specific protection
2. Early diagnosis and treatment
3. Disability limitation
4. Rehabilitation

Ans. 2) Early Diagnosis and Treatment

• Early diagnosis and treatment are key for breast cancer prevention. Detecting it early through methods like mammography improves outcomes.

Q20. What is the dosage of vitamin A given for a 2-year-old baby with keratomalacia?

1. 2,00,000 IU immediately, followed by same dose after 24 hours
2. 1,00,000 IU immediately, followed by the same dose after 1 week
3. 1,00,000 IU immediately, followed by the same dose after 24 hours and after a week
4. 2,00,000 IU immediately, followed by the same dose 24 hours later and after 2 weeks

Ans. 4  - 2,00,000 IU immediately, followed by the same dose 24 hours later and after 2 weeks:

• This regimen ensures rapid replenishment of vitamin A stores, crucial for treating keratomalacia.

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