Pharmacology Important Questions for NEET PG/FMGE 2025

Understanding how drugs work and their clinical applications is what Pharmacology is all about. And, we cannot deny how crucial of a subject it is if you wish to ace NEET PG.FMGE exams.

Studying the vast syllabus for the exam can become overwhelming especially when you don’t know where to start from. We have just the right solution for you.

In this blog, we have curated a list of high-yield questions for Pharmacology that are specifically designed to help you tackle challenging topics.

And, not only that, you also get detailed explanations for every question to ensure that you have a clear understanding.

Covering every topic from drug mechanisms to enzyme pathways and adverse effects, these questions are sure to enhance your readiness.

Q1. A 48-year-old man with a history of chronic gout presented with recurrent episodes of painful attacks despite being on allopurinol. His physician suggests a drug that inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubules. Which of the following drugs uses this mechanism of action?

1. Probenicid
2. Febuxostat
3. Rasburicase
4. Colchicine

Answer 1) Probenecid

Also read: Medicine Important Questions for NEET PG/FMGE

Q.2 A 6-month-old infant is brought up due to concerns about episodes of sudden, repetitive muscle contractions involving his arms and legs. An EEG reveals a hypsarrhythmia pattern. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the TSC1 gene. Which of the following is the drug of choice in this condition?

Options

1. Clonazepam
2. Valproate 
3. Vigabatrin
4. Ethosuximide

Answer: 3) Vigabatrin 

Explanation: 

The infant most likely has infantile spasms due to Tuberous sclerosis.

• Infantile spasms, characterized by intermittent muscle spasms and developmental regression, often present with a characteristic hypsarrhythmia pattern on the EEG. 
• These spasms can be associated with tuberous sclerosis, a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes.

Treatment of Infantile Spasms:

• Vigabatrin
  • It is the drug of choice for treating infantile spasms associated with tuberous sclerosis, and the drug of choice for infantile spasms without tuberous sclerosis is ACTH
  • It ↑ GABA levels by inhibiting the enzyme GABA transaminase, thereby reducing seizure activity.

Q.3 A 63-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease presents to the clinic with worsening chest pain during physical exertion. The cardiologist performs a pharmacological stress test to evaluate his coronary blood flow. During the test, the patient's symptoms were exacerbated. Which of the following drugs is not associated with this phenomenon? 

1. Adenosine  
2. Dipyridamole  
3. Nitroglycerin  
4. Nitroprusside

Answer: 3) Nitroglycerin 

Explanation:

Nitroglycerin does not cause the coronary steal phenomenon and improves blood flow to ischemic areas.

Coronary steal phenomenon/syndrome:

• Used in pharmacological stress tests to diagnose partially blocked coronary arteries.
• MOA:

Partial sub-endocardial coronary artery blockage

↓

Dipyridamole-like drugs dilate the coronary artery in the ischemic and non-ischemic areas.

↓

Stealing of blood from ischemic to non-ischemic area 

↓

Worsening of the anginal symptoms

Also read: Introduction to Adrenergic drugs

Q.4 A 58-year-old female patient with a history of atrial fibrillation visits for routine follow-up. She has been prescribed an antiplatelet drug to reduce her risk of stroke. Her medication regimen includes clopidogrel, which she has been taking for the past six months without any adverse effects. Which receptor is primarily targeted by clopidogrel to inhibit platelet aggregation?

1. P2Y12 receptor  
2. GP IIb/IIIa receptor  
3. COX-1 enzyme  
4. Thrombin receptor  

Answer: A) P2Y12 receptor

Explanation:

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that specifically targets the P2Y12 receptor on the surface of platelets. 

By inhibiting this receptor, clopidogrel prevents ADP from binding, thereby reducing platelet activation and aggregation, which helps to lower the risk of thrombotic events such as stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Q.5 A 65-year-old patient presents with severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium of 6.5 mEq/L). The healthcare team decides to administer insulin to lower potassium levels. Which of the following mechanisms explains how insulin contributes to the management of hyperkalemia?

1. Enhances renal potassium excretion
2. Stimulates potassium uptake into cells via Na-K-ATPase pump
3. Inhibits potassium release from skeletal muscle
4. Increases potassium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer: 2) Stimulates potassium uptake into cells via the Na-K-ATPase pump.

Explanation:

Insulin enhances the activity of the Na-K-ATPase pump in skeletal muscle, promoting the movement of potassium from the bloodstream into cells, thereby lowering serum potassium levels.

Insulin in the management of hyperkalemia:

• Lowers serum potassium by driving potassium into cells via Na-K-ATPase pump enhancement in skeletal muscle.
• Glucose Co-administration: Prevents hypoglycemia; omit glucose if serum glucose ≥250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L).
• Measure serum glucose every hour for 5–6 hours post-insulin administration to monitor for hypoglycemia.

Also read: Rational Drug Prescribing and Essential Medicine

Q.6 Match the following CYqy primarily metabolise:

CYP450 Enzyme	Drug
1. CYP1A2	A. Phenytoin
2. CYP2C9	B.  Midazolam
3. CYP2C19	C. Clopazine
4. CYP2D6	D. Pantoprazole
5. CYP3A4	E. Codeine

1. 1:D, 2:C, 3:A, 4:E, 5:B 
2. 1:C, 2:A, 3:D, 4:E, 5:B 
3. 1:C, 2:A, 3:E, 4:B, 5:D
4. 1:A, 2:C, 3:B, 4:E, 5:D

Answer: 2) 1:C, 2:A, 3:D, 4:E, 5:B 

Explanation: 

Types of CYP enzymes and their substrates.

CYP Enzymes	Substrates/Drugs
CYP1A2	- Theophylline - Clozapine
CYP2C9 (earlier CYP2C8)(Saturation kinetics is seen)	- Phenytoin - Warfarin
CYP2C19	- Clopidogrel (see note below) - Azoles: Voriconazole, Ketoconazole - PPI: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole
CYP2D6	- Propranolol - Quinidine- Tamoxifen - TCA - SSRIs - Opioids (Codeine) - Antipsychotics (all except clozapine)
CYP2E1	Paracetamol
CYP3A4	- Astemizole - Midazolam - Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus - Diltiazem/verapamil  - Oral contraceptive pills - Fexofenadine/Terfenadine

Also read: Important topics in Pharmacology for NEET-PG

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