NEET PG 2025 - High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics 

With just eleven months left for NEET PG 2025, the preparation of all aspiring candidates is in full swing. But what if we tell you there's a way to make your prep more productive and fruitful? 

Curious?

In addition to developing a thorough understanding of a subject, it's also vital to ensure that the learned material is rightly stored in the brain's recesses and can be swiftly pulled out when you finally appear for the exam.

Focused and planned preparation can help you enhance knowledge retention. So, during the final months of your prep, pay attention to the most important topics instead of poring over the entire study material of a subject. In this blog, you will find a list of high-yield topics for pediatrics that will cover you for the upcoming NEET PG 2025.  

High-Yield Topics For Pediatrics 

Every year, 15-20 questions in the NEET PG exam are asked from pediatrics. Therefore, PrepLadder, with the help of our expert faculty, Dr. Meenakshi Bothra, has come up with a list of high-yield topics for Pediatrics. Take a look. 

Also Read: High Yield Topics for Pharmacology & Radiology

You can check out this video by Dr. Meenakshi Bothra.

Assessment of Growth and Growth Charts

• Growth
• Growth is assessed using Important Anthropometric parameters 
• Growth Charts

Normal Anthropometric Parameters

• Weight
• Precautions While Checking Weight of Baby
• Actual Weight Gain in Different Age Group
• Expected Weight at Different Age Groups
• Height (Length)
• Precautions While Checking Height of Baby Using Stadiometer
• Length/ Height of Child 
• Rate at Which Height Increases
• Upper Segment: Lower Segment Ratio
• Arm Span
• Head Circumference/ Occipitofrontal Circumference (OFC)
• Precautions to be Taken While Measuring Head Circumference
• Brain Development

Short Stature and Tall Stature

• Short Stature
• Definition
• Normal Variants 
• Mid Parental Height (MPH)
• Intra Uterine Causes
• Post Natal/ Acquired Causes 
• Important Causes of Disproportionate Short Stature
• Tall Stature

Abnormalities of Head Size & Shape

• Abnormalities of Head Size
• Microcephaly/ Small Head
• Definition 
• Classification
• Etiology of Primary microcephaly
• Etiology of Secondary microcephaly
• Macrocephaly / Large Head
• Definition
• Important Causes of Macrocephaly
• Abnormalities of Head Shape
• Types
• Fontanelles
• Examination of Anterior Fontanelle

Normal & Abnormal Dentition

• Normal Dentition 
• Sequence in which Milk teeth erupt
• Sequence in which Permanent teeth erupt
• Abnormalities of Dentition
• Delayed Dentition
• Natal Teeth
• Hutchinson's Teeth

Important Motor Milestones

• Development
• Rules of Development
• Gross Motor
• In Ventral Suspension
• In Prone Position
• Other Milestones 
• Fine Motor 
• Fine Motors Milestones (1 to 5 years) 

Social & Language Milestones

• Social Milestones
• Language Milestones 
• Vision Milestones
• Hearing Milestones

Developmental Implications of Important Milestones

• Gross Motor Milestones
• Fine Motor Milestones 
• Social Milestones
• Language Milestones

Abnormalities of Development

• Developmental Red Flags
• Important causes of Development Delay (“CDGPPIC”)
• Developmental Assessment
• Developmental Quotient [D.Q.] 
• Intelligence Quotient (IQ) 

Behavioural Disorders In Children

• Nocturnal Enuresis
• Management 
• PICA
• Thumb Sucking
• Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
• Breath Holding Spells

Puberty & Adolescence

• Puberty
• Sequence of Changes in Puberty in Females 
• Sequence of Changes in Puberty in Males
• Orchidometer
• Assessment of Puberty in Adolescent
• Staging of Puberty in Females
• Staging of Puberty in Males
• Important Facts Related to Puberty & Adolescence

Neonatology

• Classification 
• Important Causes for LFD Neonate
• Post-Term or Post Mature Neonate
• Characteristics of Post-Term Neonate
• Complications of Post-Term Neonate
• High Risk Infant 
• Factors Associated with High-Risk Infants

Primitive Neonatal Reflexes

• Reflexes present at birth in a term neonate
• Reflexes present afterbirth
• Rooting Reflex
• Moro's Reflex/ Embrace Equivalent
• ATNR (Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex) & STNR (Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex)
• Parachute reflex
• Important Conditions in Neonates not Requiring any Specific Treatment
• Skin & Mucosa
• Other Conditions in Neonates Not Requiring any Specific Treatment

Neonatal Resuscitation

• Neonatal Resuscitation Protocol (NRP)
• If any of these is not present, then check the baby for 
• Suction of airways
• Devices used for positive pressure ventilation 
• Ventilation corrective steps
• Endotracheal intubation in NRP
• Laryngoscope
• Endotracheal tube size
• Chest compressions
• Inj. Adrenaline
• Resuscitation of a baby born through meconium-stained liquor

IUGR and Feeding Of Preterm Neonate

• Symmetric & Asymmetric IUGR
• Important Causes of IUGR
• Prevention of IUGR

Neonatal Sepsis

• Definition
• Classification of Neonatal Sepsis
• Clinical Features of Neonatal Sepsis
• Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis
• Management of Neonatal Sepsis

Neonatal Hypothermia

• Classification of Hypothermia in Neonates
• Ways to Assess the Temperature of Neonate
• Clinical Categories of Hypothermia- Based on the Touch Method
• Thermoneutral Environment/Thermoneutral Range of Temperature
• Clinical Features of Neonatal Hypothermia
• Investigation Findings in Case of Prolonged Hypothermia
• Ways to Prevent Neonatal Hypothermia
• Devices used to keep baby warm
• Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)
• Treatment of neonatal hypothermia
• Neonatal Hyperthermia

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

• Definition
• Treatment
• Persistent Hypoglycemia
• Infant of Diabetic Mother (IDM)
• Problems in IDM (Infant of Diabetic Mother)

Perinatalasphyxia

• Definition
• Pathophysiology
• Diagnostic Criteria for Severe Birth Asphyxia
• Staging of HIE
• Treatment of HIE

Important Scores In Neonate

• APGAR Score 
• Scores Used to Assess Respiratory Distress
• Silverman Score
• Downe's Score
• CRIB Score
• SNAP Score

Respiratory Disorders In Neonates

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
• Surfactant
• Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Clinical features
• Diagnosis 
• Prevention of RDS 
• Neonatal Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis 
• Clinical Features
• Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical Features
• Chest X-Ray findings of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
• Treatment
• Complications
• TTNB (Transient Tachypnea of Newborn)
• Basic Defect
• Risk Factor
• Clinical Features
• CXR Findings
• Treatment

Nectrotosing Enterocolitis

• Introduction
• Modified Bell's staging of NEC
• Prognosis of NEC: Poor

Neonatal Jaundice

• Physiological jaundice v/s Pathological Jaundice
• Breastfeeding Jaundice v/s Breast Milk Jaundice
• Important Causes of Pathological Jaundice 
• Clinical Features of Neonatal Jaundice
• Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

• Pathophysiology of Erythroblastosis Fetalis Due to Rh Incompatibility 
• Clinical Features of HDN
• Investigation Findings 
• Hydrops Fetalis

Latest Updates In Neonatology

• Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)
• Antenatal Corticosteroids
• Antenatal MgSO4
• Effects
• Mechanism of action
• Delivery Room CPAP for Preterms < 32 Weeks Gestation
• Techniques for Surfactant Administration
• Caffeine Therapy
• Indication
• Benefits
• ILAE Classification of Neonatal Seizures
• Etiology
• Head Growth in Preterm Neonates
• Pathophysiology of TTNB
• Normal
• Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB)
• Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
• Management of a Baby Born to an HIV Positive Mother
• Diagnosis of HIV in infant
• Calculation of GFR in Neonates
• Umbilical Cord Blood Banking
• Indications for UCB transplant
• Advantages
• Umbilical Artery Catheterization (UAC) vs Umbilical Venous Catheterization (UAC)
• Packet red blood cell (PRBC) Transfusion in Neonates
• Nasal Cannula Size

Breast Milk & Breast feeding

• Exclusive Breast Feeding 
• Factors Affecting Breast Milk Output
• Storage of Expressed Breast Milk (EBM)
• Contraindications to Breast Feeding 
• Advantages of Breast Feeding for Baby
• Composition
• Anti-Infective Substances
• Breast Milk Protects Against Diseases Like
• Variations in the Composition of Breast Milk
• Depending on Time After Birth 
• Depending on Gestational Age
• Depending on Each Feeding Session

Micronutrients In Health And Disease

• What are micronutrients?
• Classification
• Vitamin A
• WHO Classification of Eye Lesions Due to Vitamin ADeficiency (X-Xerophthalmia)
• Treatment of Vitamin A deficiency
• Hypervitaminosis A
• National Vitamin AProphylaxis Program
• Vitamin B-Complex
• Clinical Features Due to Vitamin B Deficiency
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• Vitamin D
• Normal Physiology
• Hypervitaminosis D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin K Deficiency
• Iron

Malnutrition

• Age Independent Anthropometric Indices
• Classification of Malnutrition
• IAP Classification
• Gomez Classification
• WHO Classification
• Wellcome Trust Classification 
• Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) 
• Management for SAM
• POSHAN Abhiyan

Body Composition & Acid Base Balance

• Body Composition
• Total Body Water [TBW]
• ECF & ICF Volumes
• Osmolality
• Cases
• Disorders of Acid Base Balance
• Normal Values
• Acidosis
• A. Metabolic Acidosis in Children
• B. Respiratory Acidosis
• ALKALOSIS
• A. Metabolic Alkalosis in Children
• B. Respiratory alkalosis

Disorders of Sodium And Potass

• Hypernatremia
• Definition
• Etiology
• Hyponatremia
• Definition
• Etiology
• SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
• Pathophysiology
• Treatment
• Pseudohyponatremia
• Hypokalemia
• ECG changes in Hypokalemia
• Treatment of Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Etiology
• ECG changes in Hyperkalemia
• Treatment of Hyperkalemia

Primary Immunodeficiency

• Definition
• Types
• Primary Antibody Defects
• Bruton's Disease / X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
• CVID (Common Variable Immune Deficiency)
• Selective IgA Deficiency
• Hyper IgM Syndrome
• IgG Subclass Deficiency
• Cell Mediated & Combined Immunodeficiency Defect
• Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
• Ataxia Telangiectasia
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
• Hyper IgE Syndrome (Job Syndrome)
• Digeorge Syndrome (Velo Cardiofacial Syndrome)
• Immunodeficiency Disorders due to Phagocyte Dysfunction
• Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
• Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)
• Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Vasculitic Disorders In Children

• Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) 
• Kawasaki Disease
• Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDMS)

Important Viral Diseases In Children

• Measles
• SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis)
• Rubella (German Measles)
• Chicken Pox (Varicella)
• Erythema Infectiosum
• Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD)
• Causative Agent
• Clinical Features
• Roseola Infantum
• Mumps
• Poliomyelitis 
• Clinical Features
• HIV in Children
• H N Infection 

Covid-19 In Children

• PIMS-TS or MIS-C 

Important Bacterial Diseases In Children

• Childhood Tuberculosis (TB) 
• Diphtheria 
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
• Scarlet Fever

Congenital Infections

• Congenital Toxoplasmosis
• Risk of Infections 
• Prevention and Treatment
• Congenital TB
• Congenital Syphilis

Immunization

• General Concepts
• Latest National Immunization Schedule Must Know
• Additional Vaccines recommended by IAP
• Practical case scenarios
• Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)
• Shake test
• Open vial policy
• Cocoon strategy
• Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
• Definition
• Clinical classification of vaccine reaction
• Immunization in Special Situations

Individual Vaccine

• BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) Vaccine
• Polio Vaccines
• Hepatitis-B Vaccine
• DPT vaccine
• Pentavalent vaccine
• Measles vaccine
• Pneumococcal vaccine
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Hepatitis Avaccine
• Typhoid vaccine
• Varicella vaccine
• HPV(Human Papillomavirus) vaccine
• Influenza vaccine

Fetal Circulation& Classification of Congenital Heart Diseases

• Differences Between Fetal Circulation & Adult Circulation 
• Fetal Circulation
• Umbilical cord
• Structures in Fetal Circulation with Decreasing Saturation of O2
• Changes in Circulation After Birth
• Pressures in Different Chambers of Heart in Adult Circulation
• Nada's Criteria 
• Classification of Congenital Heart Diseases

Important Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) 
• Hemodynamics of VSD 
• Treatment
• Complications of VSD
• Eisenmenger Syndrome
• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 
• Hemodynamics
• Clinical Presentation
• Investigations
• Treatment
• Syndromes Associated with ASD
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Factors predisposing to PDA
• Hemodynamics
• Auscultation
• Clinical Presentation
• Investigation
• Treatment
• Differential cyanosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

• Four Components of Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) 
• Pathophysiology and Clinical features
• Severity of TOF
• Complications of TOF
• Investigations
• Cyanotic Spell or Tet Spell
• Pathophysiology
• Management

Acute Rheumatic Fever

1. Modified Jone's criteria (2015)
2. Prevention

Other Congenital Heart Diseases

• Truncus Arteriosus
• Basic defect
• Genetic syndrome associated
• TAPVC / TAPVR [Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection / Return] 
• Basic defect
• TGA/TGV[Transposition of Great Arteries / Vessels] 
• Basic defect
• Parallel Circulation in TGA
• Treatment
• Coarctation of Aorta 
• Treatment
• HLHS [Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome]
• Tricuspid Atresia
• Ebstein Anomaly

Important Hematological Disorders in Children

• Normal Human Hemoglobins
• Major Sites of Hematopoiesis
• Normal Life Span of RBC
• Anemias in Children
• WHO definition
• Approach to anemia in children 
• Iron Deficiency Anemia(IDA)
• D/D of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
• Treatment of IDA
• Response to Treatment in Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• Treatment
• Βeta -Thalassemia
• Basic defect
• Inheritance
• Common Mutations in India
• Investigation in β-Thalassemia Major 
• Treatment of β-Thalassemia Major 
• Alpha Thalassemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Basic defect
• Inheritance
• Pathophysiology
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Fanconi Anemia
• Aplastic Anemia

Important Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders in Children

• ITP (Idiopathic/Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura) 
• Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical features

Hematological Malignancies in Children

• Acute Leukemia 
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
• WHO Classification
• Clinical features
• Clinical differentiation between AMLand ALL
• Diagnosis
• Prognostic markers in ALL
• Treatment of AML
• Hodgkin's Disease
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Tumors of Infancy and Childhood

• Retinoblastoma 
• Neuroblastoma 
• Wilm's Tumor 
• Clinical presentation
• Congenital malformations with increased risk of Wilms tumor
• Treatment
• Sacro- Coccygeal Teratoma (SCT)
• CNS Tumors
• Syndromes Associated with Brain Tumors
• Clinical Features
• Pilocytic Astrocytoma
• Medulloblastoma
• Craniopharyngioma

Disorders Of Gastrointestinal System

• Esophageal Disorders
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]
• Esophageal Atresia (EA) & Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) 
• Foreign Body (FB) in Esophagus
• Disorders of Stomach and Intestine
• Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 
• Acute Diarrhea
• Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children
• Persistent Diarrhea in Children
• Lactose Intolerance in Children
• Celiac Disease (CD) 
• Intussusception 
• Hirschsprung Disease
• Bowel Atresia
• Peutz–Jegher Syndrome

Liver Disorders in Children

• Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
• Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia 
• Portal Hypertension in Children
• Causes
• Clinical features of portal hypertension
• Viral Hepatitis in Children
• Clinical Features 
• Wilson Disease
• Reye Syndrome

Important Respiratory Disorders In Children

• Features differentiating Pediatric airway from Adult Airway
• Congenital Malformations of Airways
• Laryngomalacia 
• Congenital Malformations of lung
• Pulmonary Hypoplasia
• Pulmonary Sequestration
• Congenital Lobar Emphysema [CLE]
• Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation [CCAM]
• Foreign Body Aspiration

Bronchial Asthma in Children

• Definition
• Types
• Triggers
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical Features
• Examination Findings
• Investigations 
• D/D of Bronchial Asthma
• Treatment of asthma in children 

Infections of Airways and Lungs

• Acute Pharyngitis 
• Acute Epiglottitis 
• Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)
• Acute Bronchiolitis
• Pneumonia 
• Approach to a Child (Cough orDifficulty in Breathing)

Cystic Fibrosis

• Genetic Basis
• Pathophysiology 
• Clinical Features
• Diagnostic criteria of cystic fibrosis
• Treatment

Pediatric Nephrology

• Normal Structure and Function of Kidney in Children
• Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases
• Congenital Abnormalities of Genitourinary Tract
• Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes
• Obstructive and Infective Disorders of Urinary Tract
• Renal Tubular Disorders

Pediatric Neurology

• Congenital CNS Malformations and Hydrocephalus
• Seizures in Children
• Disorders with CNS InvoQlvement and Brain Death

Download the FREE PDF featuring all the high-yield topics of Pediatrics and make sure nothing important from this vast subject is left out.

In addition to all the above-mentioned high-yield topics, you must pay special attention to the topics asked in the last 3 Years of the PG entrance exam. Make sure you go through our QBank on the PrepLadder app and identify the questions asked in the previous three years. It would help if you revised the entire topic thoroughly for your NEET PG 2025 preparation.

Read more: NEONATOLOGY - GOLDEN HOUR, Umbilical Artery Catheterisation

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