NEET PG 2025: High-Yield Topics for Ophthalmology

Are you trying to figure out the best way to approach Ophthalmology for NEET-PG 2025 preparation?

PrepLadder has all the answers.

Among the 19 subjects one has to study for the NEET PG exam, Ophthalmology is one of the direct subjects. This means most questions asked in the exam are straightforward. You are unlikely to encounter many cryptic or trick questions from ophthalmology. Therefore, ophthalmology is a high-scoring subject if studied correctly. 

In this post, we have covered all the important high-yield questions that have the highest probability of being asked in the upcoming exam. Read these ophthalmology topics thoroughly and you will surely improve your score and rank in the exam.

Must Read for NEET PG 2025 preparation

Before diving in to the high-yield topics for Ophthalmology, we recommend you also check out all the important topics to be covered for the following subjects:

Also read: Guide to Cataracts: Types, Causes, and Treatments

High-Yield Topics for Ophthalmology

Nothing will yield you better results in your NEET PG exam than focused study. The following high-yield topics for ophthalmology have been carefully selected by our subject matter experts to help you make your NEET PG preparations more targeted and focused. Scroll down to know all the ophthalmology important topics.

OPHTHALMOLOGY: IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR NEET PG 2025

Introduction to ophthalmology 

• Structure of eyes 
• Anatomy of eye 
• Mechanism of vision 
• Extraocular muscles 
• Blood supply of eye 

Anatomy and physiology of eye 

• Anatomy of lens 
• Physiology 
• Lens protein 

Types and treatment of cataract 

• Cataract 
• Types of cataracts 
• Congenital rubella syndrome 
• Clinical features of cataract 
• Treatment of cataract 
• Treatment of congenital cataract

Complications of Cataract Surgery 

• Posterior capsular tear 
• Acute post operative complications 
• Chronic postoperative complications 
• Displacement of  IOLS 

Subluxation of Lens 

• Treatment of subluxation 

Lasers in eye 

• Types of laser 
• Photo ablative lasers 

Glaucoma 

• Formation of aqueous humor 
• Blood aqueous barrier
• Outflow of aqueous humor
• Theories of axonal loss 
• Classification of glaucoma 
• Visual fields 
• Extent of visual field 
• Primary angle closure glaucoma 
• Mechanism of angle closure glaucoma
• Anterior chamber angle assessment 
• Gonioscopy 
• Grading systems 
• Clinical features of primary angle closure glaucoma
• Chronic angle closure glaucoma 
• Absolute glaucoma 
• Peripheral idiopathic
• Secondary glaucoma
• Lens induced glaucoma
• Neovascular glaucoma
• Malignant glaucoma 
• Glaucoma associated with uveitis 
• Treatment of glaucoma 
• Laser treatment in glaucoma 
• Glaucoma surgery
• Congenital glaucoma 
• Secondary congenital glaucoma 

Cornea 

• Structure of cornea 
• Histology 
• Nerve supply of cornea 
• Anatomy of limbus 
• Histological limbus 
• Anatomical limbus 
• Surgical limbus 
• Physiology of cornea 
• Corneal ulcer 
• Types of ulcers 
• Keratoconus 
• Keratoplasty/ corneal transplantation 
• Types of keratoplasty 
• Keratoprothesis
• Complications of keratoplasty 
• Corneal degeneration
• Types of corneal opacity 
• Corneal dystrophy 
• Types of bowmen’s membrane dystrophy 
• Types of endothelial dystrophy 

Sclera

• Anatomy 
• Layers of sclera 
• Sclera apertures 
• Sclera inflammation 
• Episcleritis 
• Scleritis 
• Non necrotising anterior scleritis 
• Necrotising anterior scleritis 
• Posterior scleritis 
• Blue sclera 
• Staphyloma

Uveitis 

• Structure of uveal tissue 
• Classification based on duration 
• Anatomical classification
• Etiological classification 
• Anterior uveitis/ acute anterior uveitis 
• IOP changes in anterior uveitis 
• Systemic association of anterior uveitis 
• Masquerade syndrome
• Intermediate uveitis 
• Posterior uveitis
• Diseases associated with uveitis 
• Sarcoidosis 
• Bachet’s disease 
• Uveitis associated with IBD 
• Viral uveitis 
• Bacterial uveitis 
• Parasitic uveitis 
• Onchocerciasis 
• Cysticercosis 
• Toxocariasis 
• Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis 
• Sympathetic ophthalmitis
• Ophthalmia nodosum

Neurophthalmology 

• Optic nerve
• Optic foramen
• Muscles and their nerve supply 
• Blood supply of optic nerve
• Optic nerve dysfunction
• Classification of optic neuropathy
• Ischemic optic neuropathy 
• Hereditary optic neuropathy
• Nutritional toxic optic neuropathy
• Papillitis and papilledema 
• Psedopapilledema 
• Optic atrophy 
• Normal pupillary reactions 
• Accommodation pathway 
• Abnormal pupillary reactions 
• Adie’s pupil/ tonic pupil 
• Honor syndrome 
• Anosocria 
• Visual pathway 
• Lesions and visual defects of the visual pathway 
• Chiasmal lesions 
• Optic tract lesion 
• Lateral geniculate body 
• Optic radiations 
• Visual cortex 
• Gaze centres
• Other important syndromes 
• Nystagmus 

Conjuctiva 

• Anatomy of conjunctiva 
• Parts of conjunctiva 
• Conjunctival fornix 
• Palpebral conjunctiva 
• Bulbar conjunctiva 
• Conjunctivitis 
• Trachoma 
• Ophthalmia neonatorum 
• Viral conjunctivitis 
• Allergic conjunctivitis 
• Xerosis (drying)
• Xerophthalmia 
• Pterygium 
• Pinguecula 
• Dry eye 

 Lacrimal drainage system 

• Anatomy of Lacrimal drainage system    
• Physiology of tear flow 
• Watering 
• Obstruction of lacrimal pathway 
• Dacryocystitis 
• Canaliculitis 

Orbit 

• Anatomy of orbit 
• Proptosis 
• Pseudoproptosis 
• Thyroid eye disease 
• Orbital cellulitis 
• Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis 
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis 
• Tolosa hunt syndrome 
• Lacrimal drainage system 
• Lacrimal gland tumors 
• Lacrimal sac tumor 
• Pulsating protosis 
• Intermittent proptosis 
• Cavernous hemangioma 
• Rhabdomyosarcoma 
• Dermoid cyst 
• Capillary hemangioma 
• Sturge weber syndrome 
• Optic nerve tumor
• Neurofibromatosis 
• Blowout fractures 
• Eye removal surgeries 

Ocular injuries 

• Blunt trauma 
• Penetrating injury 
• Foreign bodies 
• Siderosis
• Chalcosis 
• Chemical injuries 

Lids 

•  Basic structure
• Ptosis 
• Treatment of ptosis 
• Pseudoptosis 
•  Eyelid tumors 
• Enteropion 
• Ectropion 
• Belepharitis 

Optics 

• Visual perception
• Color blindness 
• Purkinje images 
• Ophthalmoscopes 
• Visual images 
• Refractive errors 
• Aphakia 
• Retinoscopy 
• Spectacle prescription 
• Subjective verification of refraction 
• Lazy eye
• Refractive surgery 
• Low visual aids 
• Reduced eye

Squint 

• Extraocular muscles 
• squint / strabismus 
• Iconcominant squint 
• Paralytic squint 
• Pattern squint 
• Ocular motility defects 
• Oculo cardiac reflex 

Uveitis

• Anterior Uveitis

• PanUveitis

• Sarcoidosis

Glaucoma 

• Anti-glaucoma agents

• Visual field defects of glaucoma - scotomas 

• Optic disc changes

• Secondary glaucoma: Lens induced glaucoma

• Pigmentary glaucoma

• Pseudoexfoliation  glaucoma

Refraction on optics

• Myopia

• Astigmatism

• Retinoscopy 

Also read: Important One-Liners in Ophthalmology

Retina

• Retinal Detachments

• Retinoblastoma

• Diabetic retinopathy/ hypertensive retinopathy 

• CRVO

• CRAO

• Retinitis pigmentosa  

Neuro Ophthalmology 

• Visual Field Defects

• Pupils

Squint

• Diplopia

• Restrictive/ Paralytic Squint

Cornea and Conjunctiva 

• Ulcers

• Mooren’s Ulcers

• Keratoconus

• Keratoplasty -  PK/LK

• Conjunctivitis

• Adeno Viral 

• Pterygium

• Dry eyes

Oncology 

Trauma

• Blowout fracture of the orbit

• Ocular manifestations of systemic disorders 

• Thyroid eye disease

Download the FREE PDF featuring all the high-yield topics of Ophthalmology and make sure nothing important from this vast subject is left out.

Also read: NEET PG/FMGE Ophthalmology Important Questions

Past-Year Questions from Ophthalmology

Below you will find some of the Ophthalmology NEET PG questions that were asked in the September 2021 exam.

Q. 1 A child with whitish pupillary reflex has undergone enucleation and shows bright round blue cells with Flexner wintersteiner rosettes. What is the diagnosis?

1. Retinoblastoma
2. Rhabdomyosarcoma
3. Medulloblastoma
4. Astrocytoma

Answer: Retinoblastoma

Q.2 30 Year old with complains of diminishing vision on right halves of both eyes. What is the probable diagnosis?

1. Left optic tract
2. Right occipital lobe
3. Optic chiasma
4. Right optic nerve

Answer: Left optic tract

Q.3 A patient of primary open angle glaucoma with a known case of bronchial asthma. What is the drug of choice?

1. Latanoprost 
2. Carboprost 
3. Alprostadil 
4. Gemeprost

Answer: Latanoprost

Q.4 A 15 year old female with myopic astigmatism refuses to wear glasses, what would be ideal management?

1. LASIK
2. Femto LASIK
3. ICL
4. Spherical equivalent glasses 

Answer: Spherical equivalent glasses

Q.5 Corneal transparency is decided by 

1. Keratan sulphate
2. Chondroitin sulphate 
3. Heparan Sulphate
4. Hyaluronic acid

Answer: Keratan sulphate

Also read: INI-CET High Yield Questions for Ophthalmology

For the detailed explanation to these questions and all the previous years questions from different subjects, you can refer to the PrepLadder app. 

The app will also provide you video lectures and treasures for all the must-read important topics. If you are short on time, you can refer to our Rapid Revision videos for quick recall. 

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