Instruments Used in Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Sims Speculum

It is used for inspection & examination of the vagina and cervix. Examination of obstetric trauma or vaginal trauma, cervical lesions, cancers, vaginal wall lesions, cysts, and cystocele. Used for procedures like D and C, conization, amputation, copper T insertion/removal, and 2 blades of different sizes, blades have a trough to drain down the secretions.

Sims Anterior Vaginal Wall Retractor

Retraction of the vagina to expose the cervix after the posterior wall is retracted with a Sims speculum. Also can be used as a curette for a curettage, immediately after delivery when the cervix is well dilated. Spoon shaped ends with transverse serrations

Also read: OBS-GYN Important Questions for NEET PG/FMGE 2025

Cuscos Speculum

2 blades connected by a hinge; it works just like sims but is self-retaining. Can be used for inspection as well as for procedures like colonoscopy, cervical biopsy, IUCD insertion & removal, embryo transfer, and pap smear. The disadvantage is that it takes up too much space in the vagina, and one cannot visualize anterior and posterior walls. Not useful for doing surgical procedures such as D and C

Teale's Vulsellum

It has '2 by 3' teeth, providing better grip and is used to hold anterior and posterior cervical lips. Anterior cervical lip is held for traction in surgeries like D and C, while posterior lip is held for traction in surgeries like colpocentesis and colpotomy, where POD access is required. Used for surgeries like biopsies, amputations, electrocauterization, and cryocauterization. Endometrial Biopsies and Curettage

Jarcho Tenaculum

Single tooth at the end of each blade, more secure as the bite is deeper, but again more traumatic.

Simpsons Uterine Sound

To find out the depth of the uterus and measure uterocervical length. It has an angle of 5 °, similar to anteversion of the uterus. Find if the uterus is anteverted or retroverted. For Situations like Missing IUCDS, assess malformations of the uterus, Stress incontinence diagnosis

IUCD Removing Hook

For lost IUCD's, because the thread is missing, can hook out the IUCD

Also read: Male and Female Sterilization Procedure

Hegars Dilator

Single or double-ended, used serially to dilate the cervix for intrauterine procedures like Numerous Procedures

• Cervical stenosis
• Removal of IUCD's
• Suction evacuation, DNC
• Intra Uterine radiations source application
• Drainage of Hematometra, Pyometra

Hawkin Amblers Dilator

Betterthan than Hegar's dilation: It has got a holder & causes fewer injuries

Sponge Holding Forceps

It is used for the application of betadine before surgeries for preparations of the abdomen, vulva, vagina. It has a ratchet catch. Pressure for Hemostasis. Blunt Dissection. Hemostatic Clamp, to hold cut edges of uterus, clean the uterus from inside in cesarean. Cervix Examination. To Hold the cervix for Encerclage (Ring forceps is better).

Haywood Smiths Ovums Forceps

Similar to sponge holding forceps but does not have a lock. The blades are cupped, to pull out contents from inside the uterus, during a surgical MTP or evacuation for RPOCs

Also read: Hypertension in Pregnancy: Types, Causes & Treatment

Blakes Uterine Currette

Used for taking endometrial curettings for histopathology, indicated in AUB not responding to treatment, diagnosis of endometrial TB, cancer. Curettage in MTP. Diagnosis of infertility cause. Endometrial Dating

Randall's Endometrial Biopsy Currette

Has got serrated top, can be used to obtain curettings for endometrial biopsy, similar to uterine curette, but cannot be used for MTP.

Cardiac Tocography

It has 2 probes, one for charting fetal heart rate called the cardiac probe and another for measuring uterine contractions called the toco probe. If only cardiac probe is used in a patient with no contractions, it is called NON-STRESS TEST

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Vacuum

Contraindicated in preterm delivery. A suction cup is applied to the fetal head, and a pressure of up to 0.8 kg/cm or 80 kpa is built slowly over 2–8 minutes at least. Swelling on head formed after vacuum k/a CHIGNON SWELLING

Hodge Pessary

Made of hard rubber. Pushed into vagina to correct retroversion. For reducing the prolapse. For correcting stress urinary incontinence

Pinard's Fetoscope

Much less used now-a-days, conical scope, one end goes over the maternal abdomen, and with the other placed next to our ear, we can hear the fetal heart. It is primitive, and now replaced with a stethoscope and doppler.

Bonney's Myomectomy Clamp

Used to reduce blood loss during myomectomy by clamping the uterine arteries. Two atraumatic clamps can be used to clamp the ovarian arteries also. These clamps can be intermittently released to check for the site of bleeding.

Also read: Perineal Tears : Types, Risk Factors

MyomaScrew

Screwed into the fibroids, upward traction is applied for myomectomy and hysterectomy.

Important Questions 

Q1. Identify the instrument used in gynaecological surgeries.

A. j amshedi needle

B. tuhoys needle

C. veress needle

D. oocyte aspiration needle

Ans. veress needle

Q2. Which of the following surgeries is this retractor commonly used in?

1. LSCS
2. vaginal hysterectomy
3. Fothergill Repair
4. Manchester Operation

Ans. LSCS

Q.3 How do you know the size of the pessary is adequate for relieving patient's complaints?

Ans. The size of the pessary which relieves the complains & does not give any added due discomfort.

Also read: Pre Conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) 

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