Picornaviridae: Family Groups, Causes and Diagnosis
Apr 19, 2024
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Picornaviridae Family Groups
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Picornaviridae are the smallest among the RNA virus family. These viruses cause a wider range of illnesses and can cause clinical diseases like asepticmeningitis, encephalitis, and rash illnesses like hand-foot and mouth disease. The Picornavirus family includes one of the most important viruses that is polio and poliomyelitis is one of the first recorded infections.
Picornaviridae Family Groups
Enterovirus- This group of the picornavirus family is mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route. The types of viruses are polio, Coxsackievirus, and echovirus.
Rhinovirus- this group of virus is mainly transmitted by inhalation.
It has three antigenic types- type 1, type 2, and type 3.
The incubation period is one to two weeks.
Mainly transmitted by fecal-oral route.
The infective period Is one week before and two to three after the onset of signs and symptoms.
After ingestion, the virus is present in the GIT, and then from the git, it reaches lymphatics. It spreads into the blood (Viremia) from the lymphatics. At this stage symptoms like fever, headache, malaise, and vomiting occur. After this CNS can get affected which leads to meningitis and if this situation becomes severe the patient can present with paralytic polio.
The earliest change is Nissl’s body degeneration and the motor neurons are the final site.
There is asymmetric descendingflaccidparalysis in which the proximal muscles are more involved than the distal muscles. There can be respiratory failure and meningoencephalitis.
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