Important Topics in Microbiology for NEET-PG 2025

Microbiology is considered as one of the toughest and most scoring subject from Medical PG Entrance Exams perspective. It yields a high weightage in the exams. According to the recent official subject-wise marks distribution for NEET-PG, around 20 MCQ’s are expected from this subject.

With a view to make your NEET PG preparations more effective, we approached our subject matter experts to highlight important topics which are likely expected to be there in exam.

Here's a list of the important topics in microbiology that we advise all of you to be thorough with.

Most Important Topics of Microbiology for NEET-PG

Here is a Unit-wise list of the Microbiology Important Topics:

1. General Microbiology

• History
• Staining Techniques
• Culture Media
• Sterilization Techniques
• Bacterial Cell Wall
• Bacterial Growth Curve

2. Bacteriology

• Staph, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium
• Enterococcus Family
• Mycobacterium
• Pseudomans, Haemophilus, Brucella, Bordetella, Yersinia
• Vibrio
• Chlamydia
• Rickettsia
• Mycoplasma
• Helicobacter, Campylobacter
• Listeria, Legionella
• Neisseria

3. Virology 

• General properties of virus
• Herpes
• Pox(image)
• Rabies
• Polio
• Adenovirus
• Hepatitis
• HIV
• Influenza
• Dengue

4. Mycology

• General properties
• Dermatomycosis
• Dimorphic fungi(special points of each)
• Aspergillus
• Candida
• Cryptococcus

5. Parasitology 

• Entamoeba
• Giardia
• Plasmodium
• Leishmaniasis
• Solium
• Nana
• Ascaris
• Wuchereria (Image)
• Schistosomiasis
• Images of Eggs of all Parasites

Also Read: HELMINTHOLOGY : Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development : NEET PG Microbiology

6. Immunology 

• Antigen
• Antibody
• Reaction Between Antigen and Antibody(Examples)
• Hypersensitivity Reaction (Examples)
• GVHD
• Autoimmunity

Also Read: Important Topics in Pathology for NEET-PG

Some of the Important Microbiology Topics for NEET PG 2025

Scientists and Stains

• Scientist
• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Paul Ehrlich
• Stains
• Fixation
• Simple stains (one colour)
• Negative stains (b/w)
• Impregnation Stains
• Differential Stains 
• Flagella Stains
• Spore Stain

Microscopes

• Features of Microscopes
• Light Microscope 
• Dark Field Microscope 
• Interference Contrast Microscope
• Fluorescence Microscope
• Phase Contrast Microscope 
• Electron Microscope
• Differences between Electron and Light Microscope

Bacterial Anatomy

• Capsule Layer
• Slime Layer
• Capsule and Slime Layer
• Demonstration of capsule 
• Modification of slime: biofilm
• Cell wall Must Know
• Endotoxins vs exotoxins
• Cell wall deficient forms - L form
• Bacterial Anatomy
• Structure of flagella
• Demonstration of motility Good to Know
• Spores
• Spore formation
• Stains
• Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote

Bacterial Shapes And Physiology

• Bacterial Shapes (Cocci)
• Bacterial Shapes (Bacilli)
• Bacterial Physiology 
• Quick Definitions: Bacterial Physiology
• Bacterial Growth curve 

Bacterial Genetics

• Basics
• Mutations
• Point Mutations
• Frame Shift mutation
• Gene Transfer 
• Transformation
• Transduction
• Bacteriophage Cycle
• Generalized Transduction
• Specialized/ Restricted Transduction
• Conjugation
• Plasmids

Culture Media

• History
• Agar
• Simple Media / Basal Medium / Basic Medium
• Enriched Media 
• Selective Media 
• Differential media
• Transport Media
• Anaerobic Media
• Anaerobic methods 
• Anaerobic methods
• Culture Technologies
• Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing
• Dilution method
• Disc Diffusion Method or Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Method 
• Stoke's Disc Diffusion Method
• Epsilometer Test

Sterilization and Disinfection

• Sterilization Methods
• Dry heat
• Incineration
• Hot Air Oven 
• Moist Heat: Mechanism
• Sterilization Methods: Filtration 
• Chemical Methods 
• Blood Spill Management 
• Other Sterilization Methods
• Testing of Disinfectant
• Spaulding Classification

Systemic Bacteriology

• Staphylococcaceae
• Staphylococcus Aureus
• Differential Diagnosis of Food Poisoning
• MRSA
• Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus
• Streptococcaceae
• Streptococcus Agalactiae
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Neisseria
• Neisseria Meningitidis
• Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
• Gram Positive Bacilli
  • Volutin Granules
  • Nocardia and Actinomycetes
  • Actinomycetoma
  • Actinomyces Israelii
  • Bacillus Anthracis
  • Clostridium
  • Clostridium tetani
  • C. Botulinum
  • Clostridium Difficile
• Gram Positive Bacteria
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Microscopy
  • Culture
  • Typing methods
  • Diagnosis of latent TB
  • Non-photochromogens
  • Mycobacterium leprae /Hansen's bacillus
• Gram Negative Bacteria
  • Strains (capable of causing diarrhoea)
  • Laboratory diagnosis
  • Shigella
  • Different Shigella species
  • Morganella
  • Endemic Foci for Plague
  • Enteric Fever
  • WIDAL Test
  • Culture Media
• Vibrio and Non Fermenters
  • Differentiation between Classical and Eltor 
  • Pathogenesis 
  • Toxin
  • Pseudomonas
  • Burkholderia Pseudomallei
  • Burkholderia Cepacia
• HBB (Hemophilus, Bordetella and Brucella)
  • H.Influenzae
  • H. Ducreyi
• Spirochetes
  • Treponema
  • Tertiary Syphilis
  • Leptospira
  • Microscopy and Culture Media
• Rickettsiae
  • Organisms and Vectors
  • Scrub Typhus
  • Genus Coxiella
  • Bartonella Henselae
• Chlamydia

Virology

Virology General Properties

• General Properties
• Symmetry (Genome)
• Structure
• Envelope
• Viral Replication
• Steps
• Classification
• Size of Viruses
• Shape & structure of viruses
• DNA Virus-Rules and Exception
• RNAVirus-Rules and Exception
• Genome size
• Virus Cultivation
• Inclusion Bodies (Cyto Pathic Effect)
• Assays: To know Infectivity
• Interferons

DNA Virology

• Classification of Herpesviridae
• General Properties
• Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2 
• Clinical features 
• Lab diagnosis
• EBV: Epstein BarrVirus (HHV4)
• Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
• Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)
• HPV
• Molluscum contagiosum
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B (Dane Particle)

RNA Virus: Myxovirus

• Orthomyxovirus family
• Structure
• Pathogenesis
• Antigenic shift vs antigenic drift
• Lab diagnosis
• Measles virus
• Prodromal symptoms
• Complications
• Mumps
• Parainfluenza

RNA Virus : Picornaviridae

• Coxsackie
• Enterovirus
• Rhinovirus

RNA Virus : Rhabdoviridae

• Rabies
• Lab diagnosis

RNA Virus : Arbovirus

• ARB - Arthropod Borne
• Bunyaviridae
• Rubella Virus
• Japanese Encephalitis 
• Yellow Fever 
• Monkey Fever/ KyasanurForest Disease 
• Zika Flavivirus 
• Dengue Virus

RNA Virus : Retrovirus

• Structure of HIV
• Structural Genes
• CDC AIDS case definition
• HTLV– 1

RNA Virus : COVID 19

• Structure and Pathogenesis
• RRTPCR - Real Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR

Mycology

• Classification Based on Location
• Stains 
• Culture
• Tinea Versicolor
• Tineasis - Clinical Aspect
• Dermatophytosis (Tineasis)
• Hair Perforation Test
• Mycetoma
• Chromoblastomycosis
• Penicillium marneffei
• Cryptococcus Neoformans vs Cryptococcus Gattii
• Types of Infections
• Candida Albicans - Laboratory Diagnosis
• Aspergillus Under Microscope
• Mucor / Zygomycetes / Glomeromycetes
• Pneumocystis Carinii

Parasitology

• Parasitology : Classification of Amoeba
• Parasitology : Flagellates
  • Giardia Lamblia
  • Trichomonas Vaginalis
• Parasitology : Hemoflagellates
  • Trypanosoma Cruzi / South American Trypanosomiasis
  • Leishmania Donovani
  • Kala Azar
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
• Parasitology : Coccidian Parasites
  • Toxoplasma Gondii
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Cylospora and Isospora
  • Difference between Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Isospora
• Haematozoa (Plasmodium and Babesia)
  • Malaria
  • Babesia
• Cestodes
  • Diphyllobothrium latum
  • Tenia saginata and Tenia Solium
  • Cysticercosis
  • Echinococcus granulosus / Dog Tapeworm
  • Hydatid cyst
  • Echinococcus Multilocularis
  • Hymenolepis Nana / Dwarf tapeworm
  • Egg of H. nana
• Trematodes
  • Types of Trematodes
  • Schistosomiasis/ Bilharziasis
  • Paragonimus Westermani (Lung Fluke)
  • Clonorchis Sinensis
  • Fasciola Hepatica (Sheep liverfluke)
• Nematodes
  • Roundworm/Ascaris Lumbricoides
  • Trichuris Trichiura/Whipworm
  • EnterobiusVermicularis/Pinworm/Threadworm
  • Strongyloides Stercoralis
  • Life Cycle

Immunology

Types of Immunity

• Components of Innate Immunity
• Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
• Antibody-Dependent CellularCytotoxicity (ADCC)
• T Cells
• Interaction between B and Tcells
• Difference Between MHC I and MHC II
• Types of Tcells

Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

• Type I Hypersensitivity Mechanism 
• Type II Hypersensitivity Mechanisms
• Type IV Hypersensitivity

Immunity Tolerance Autoimmune Disorders

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Scleroderma
• Myositis

Immunodeficiency Disorders

• Types of immunodeficiency
• Primary Immunodeficiency
• Defect in Lymphocyte maturation 
• Defect in lymphocytic activation and function
• Systemic disease

Transplant Immunology

• Types of Grafts
• Transplant Rejection
• Graft Versus Host Disease

Antigen and Antibody

Antigen Antibody Reactions

Preparing the above-listed microbiology important topics thoroughly would surely help you to answer most of the questions and will help to you emerge among the Top-Rankers. 

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