Postherpetic Neuralgia: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Postherpetic neuralgia is the most frequent adverse effect associated with shingles. It causes severe discomfort to the skin and nerves. Even after the blisters and rash go away, the discomfort of having shingles persists.

The possibility of developing postherpetic neuralgia is higher in the elderly. The majority of individuals impacted are over 60. Despite the lack of a remedy, the symptoms are manageable. Most postherpetic neuralgia sufferers see improvement over time.

Causes Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Chickenpox is caused by the same virus that causes shingles. The chickenpox virus will remain in your body for the remainder of your existence. Shingles could result from the virus reactivating. An individual's risk increases with age. Furthermore, the danger increases if the body's immune system is suppressed by anything, including drugs used to treat cancer.

When nerve fibres are damaged as a result of shingles, postherpetic neuralgia develops. Damaged fibres impair the signal's ability to reach the brain from the skin. Rather, the messages get more heightened and jumbled. Pain from this may persist for several months or even years.

Also Read: Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Symptoms Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Postherpetic neuralgia often only affects the skin in the region where the shingles outbreak originated. Usually, that occurs as a band around the trunk on one side of the body.

Possible symptoms include the following:

• Pain that persists after the shingles outbreak has recovered for at least three months. It could feel jabbing, scorching, or piercing. It could also feel intense and piercing.
• Demonstrating sensitivity to minimal force. Patients with postherpetic neuralgia may experience discomfort even when clothing comes in contact with their skin.
• Loss of sensation or itching.
• Postherpetic neuralgia rarely results in numbness or itching.

Also Read: Dressler Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Risk Factors Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Postherpetic neuralgia following shingles may be more common in the following circumstances:

• Age: After sixty years of age you have a higher chance of being affected.
• An additional disease: You have a chronic illness, such as diabetes, which is the cause of the initial shingles symptoms. You developed shingles on your torso or face, and your shingles treatment was postponed. You did not begin the antiviral medication therapy within 72 hours of the rash appearing.
• Not receiving shingles vaccination: You did not receive a shingles vaccination.

Diagnosis Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Your dermatologist will examine your skin. They might make many touches to the skin to determine the boundaries of the afflicted area.

Usually, tests are not required.

Also Read: Mesenteric Lymphadenitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Treatment Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Medicines

A single round of medication may not be successful for every patient with postherpetic neuralgia. To ease the pain, several therapies are frequently required.

Lidocaine-containing skin patches

These small patches resemble bandages. The analgesic drug lidocaine is one of them. To only cover the damaged area, these patches can be trimmed. To temporarily ease the discomfort, you apply the patches to the affected area. You may be prescribed these by your healthcare provider. Alternatively, the patches can be purchased off-the-shelf at a little reduced dosage. Make sure they are out of the reach of young children.

Topical patch of capsaicin

Capsaicin is derived from the seeds of spicy chillies. Qutenza is a skin patch used for pain relief that has a high concentration of capsaicin. It needs to be acquired from your healthcare provider. A medical professional with training numbs the affected area with medicines, and then places the patch to your skin.

The process takes at least two hours. This is because medical professionals need to keep an eye out for any adverse effects that may arise after applying the patch. Up to three months of pain alleviation have been reported by some people using the patch. If it is successful, you will get a new patch every three months.

Anticonvulsants

Certain seizure drugs may reduce the discomfort associated with postherpetic neuralgia. Pregabalin (Lyrica) and gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, and other names) are two among them. These drugs relieve tense muscles. Among the negative consequences are:

• Feeling sleepy
• Trouble maintaining clear focus.
• Not feeling all that steady.
• Foot oedema.

Anti-Depressants

Antidepressants can be used for purposes other than treating mood disorders. They change key neurotransmitters linked to depression and the body's experience of pain. They can alleviate pain even in the absence of sadness. These drugs include:

• Nortriptyline
• Amitriptyline.
• clonazepam.
• Venlafaxine

Physicians often prescribe antidepressants for postherpetic neuralgia at a lower dosage than for depression on its own.

Typical side effects of these medications consist of:

• Tiredness
• Having a dry mouth.
• Dizziness.
• Weight gain

Opioids

Strong medications called opioids can only be prescribed by a licenced healthcare provider. Some postherpetic neuralgia patients may need to take morphine, tramadol (Conzip, Qdolo, etc.), or oxycodone (Percocet, Oxycet, etc.).

The following are a few side effects of opioids:

• A feeling of dizziness
• Fatigue.
• having trouble urinating.

The group of  doctors think twice before giving these powerful drugs for disease including postherpetic neuralgia. This is because opioids can raise a person's risk of addiction and death.

An opioid is indicated for postherpetic neuralgia only when more conservative therapy has failed. Before prescribing an opioid, your physician should:

• Describe the medication's advantages and risks.
• Set goals for your therapy to lessen discomfort.
• If the risks increase, have a plan in place to help you stop the medicine safely.
• Take opioids as little as is practical. Make appointments for checkups as often as your doctor recommends.
• Driving after opiate use can be dangerous. It's also not safe to take opioids along with alcohol or other drugs.
• Injections of steroids
• For certain patients with postherpetic neuralgia, spinal steroid injections may be helpful.

Also Read: Dyspnea: Causes, Symptoms, Types, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Complications Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

 People with postherpetic neuralgia may experience additional problems in addition to the typical problems linked to persistent pain. It is contingent upon the duration and severity of the postherpetic neuralgia. These additional issues may consist of:

• Depression-like condition.
• Difficulty going to bed.
• Fatigue
• Decreased normal appetite.

Also Read: Gangrene: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Types, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Prevention Of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Vaccinations against shingles can prevent both postherpetic neuralgia and shingles. Find out from your doctor when it's ideal for you to get immunised.

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States recommend that everyone 50 years of age or older acquire the Shingrix shingles vaccination. 

The association also recommends Shingrix for people 19 years of age and older whose immune systems have been weakened by diseases or medical procedures. In spite of the fact that you've shingles or the earlier vaccine, Zostavax, Shingrix is advised. Shingrix is a given in two doses, 2 to 6 months apart.

Shingrix prevents shingles and postherpetic neuralgia with over 90% efficacy when taken in two doses. Outside of the United States, there are several shingles vaccination options. For further information about their efficacy in avoiding postherpetic neuralgia and shingles, consult your clinician.

Download the PrepLadder App and get the best neet pg online coaching with world-class video lectures, QBank, Mock Tests and more!

Download PrepLadder's best app for neet pg preparation for Android 

Download PrepLadder's best app for neet pg preparation for ios