Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Geographic tongue is a benign, inflammatory disorder that affects the tongue's surface. Papillae, which are microscopic, pinkish-white lumps, are typically found covering the tongue. In reality, these papillae are tiny, hair-like structures. Patches of the tongue's surface devoid of papillae are associated with geographic tongue. These crimson, smooth spots frequently have somewhat elevated edges.

Because of the way the patches make your tongue resemble a map, this ailment is also known as geographic tongue. Frequently, the patches start in one place on the tongue and subsequently spread to other areas.

The geographic tongue does not pose a health risk, despite its frightening appearance. It has nothing to do with cancer or infections. Geographic tongue can occasionally result in tongue soreness and increase your sensitivity to specific foods, like spices, salt, and even sweets.

Causes Of Geographic Tongue

Geographic tongue has no recognized cause and cannot be avoided. There may be a connection between psoriasis and other illnesses like geographic tongue. This skin disease causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches. Still, further research is needed to determine any possible connections to other illnesses.

Symptoms Of Geographic Tongue

Geographic tongue symptoms can include:

• Your tongue may have smooth, red, asymmetrical areas on the side or top. These blotches could resemble lesions.
• Regular alterations to the patches' size, shape, and position.
• Pain or a burning sensation occasionally; are usually brought on by eating acidic or spicy meals.

Numerous cases of geographic tongue are symptomless. Geographic tongue can last for several days, weeks, or even years. Usually, the issue resolves on its own, but it could resurface later.

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Risk Factors Of Geographic Tongue

A few factors may increase your risk of developing geographic tongue:

• Family history: Some people have a family background in geographic language. Genetic factors may therefore raise the risk.
• Fissured tongue: People who have geographic tongues typically also have fissured tongues. This is the period during which deep grooves, or fissures, appear on the tongue's surface.

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Diagnosis Of Geographic Tongue

When your doctor or dentist examines your tongue and discusses your symptoms, they may typically diagnose geographic tongue.

Throughout the examination, your doctor or dentist might:

• Examine your mouth and tongue using a lit tool.
• Move your tongue in different directions.
• To check for discomfort or strange changes in the texture of your tongue, gently touch it.
• Look for symptoms of infection, such as fever or enlarged neck lymph nodes.

Certain geographic tongue symptoms can mimic those of other disorders, like oral lichen planus. This illness manifests as lacy white spots in the mouth, occasionally accompanied by excruciating blisters. Therefore, it may be necessary to rule out certain illnesses before diagnosing them.

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Treatment Of Geographic Tongue

Without medical intervention, the geographic tongue usually resolves on its own. There is a rare chance of tongue pain associated with geographic tongue, despite it being a benign condition.

Your doctor could advise using one of the following drugs to treat discomfort or sensitivity:

• Medicines that relieve pain without a prescription.
• Teeth cleaning solutions that numb.
• Oral rinses containing antihistamines. It is used to reduce edema with antihistamines.
• Lotions and shampoos that counteract corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are used to treat lichen planus and other conditions involving the immune system or edema.
• Zinc or B vitamins.
• Medications used to treat fungal infections.

As a result of inadequate research, the efficacy of these treatments is unknown. Because geographic tongue flares up and goes away on its own, you might not be able to measure whether taking medication is reducing your symptoms.

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Complications Of Geographic Tongue

Geographic tongue can occasionally be uncomfortable, but it is not hazardous. It doesn't put your health in jeopardy, cause problems down the road, or raise the possibility of major health problems.

This sickness has the potential to induce anxiety. This is because the tongue's look could be unattractive, depending on how well the patches are seen. It could also be hard to believe that nothing serious is wrong.

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