Indian Penal Code(IPC) Sections

Forensic medicine always has a question from the IPC section. In the prepLadder video section, you can find detailed videos on how to remember them with the simple tricks you can remember them. It is highly recommended that you watch the video to ensure you remember them. In this blog, we will only read about the IPC with the cause and punishments for them concisely. This can also be read as the last-minute revision for all the competitive exams like NEET-PG, NExT, and FMGE.

IPC stands for the Indian Penal Code. This law was implemented in 1860. All the Definitions of crime and punishment for that crime come under the IPC. There are a total of 511 IPCs.

Criminal Responsibility/Liability

82 IPC

• 82 IPC - A child below 7 is not punishable or liable for any crime.
• Minimum age of criminal responsibility = 7 years (Gets the advantage of juvenile act, where juveniles are <18 years) 
• However, according to the Railway Act, the minimum age for criminal responsibility is 5 years.
• Minimum age of FULL criminal responsibility Above 18 years.

83 IPC

• 83 IPC - A child between 7 and 12 can be punishable or liable for any crime, but it depends on mental maturity.
• A court of Law determines mental maturity.

84 IPC-I  (I for Insane):

• The insane are not responsible or liable for the crime.
• According to 84 IPC, the insane have an unsound mind.

85 IPC-I: I for Intoxication (Involuntary)

• In involuntary intoxication (Like some other intoxicated person), if someone commits the crime, they are not responsible or liable for the crime.

86 IPC-I: I for Intoxication (Voluntary)

• In case of voluntary intoxication - Voluntarily Drunken Nas.
• The person under voluntary intoxication commits the crime they are responsible or liable for the crime.

Consent: It is a part of the Indian Contract Act.

87 IPC

• Age - Above 18 years of age.
• Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.
• The consent can be.

• Expressed consent.
• Applied consent.

88 IPC

• Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for a person's benefit.
• No age requirements.

89 IPC

• Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child or insane person, by or by consent of the guardian (lawful charge).

90 IPC

• Consent is not valid from a child <12 years, insane, intoxicated, under the influence of threat or fear.

92 IPC

• Consent – Life-threatening or emergencies.

Legal and Court Proceedings

174 IPC

• Punishment for not attending the summon.

178 IPC

• Punishment for not taking an oath or refusing an oath.

193 IPC

• Punishment for false/fabrication of evidence.
• Punishment - 7 years.

191 IPC and 192 IPC define the crime, and the 193 IPC is the punishment for that crime.

191 IPC

• Producing false evidence (Perjury).

192 IPC

• Fabrication of evidence.

203 IPC

• False information.
• Furnishing any false information. 

202 IPC

• Omission of information.
•  Someone intentionally omits the information even if the person is legally bound to inform.

197 IPC - Punishment for the issue-false certificate.

• 198 IPC - Using a false certificate.
• 201 IPC - Punishment for the disappearance of evidence.

Negligence Causing Transmission of Disease (Fatal disease)

269 IPC

• Negligence transmitting any sexually transmitted diseases like HIV is like causing fatal disease by negligence.

270 IPC

• Malignant
• Intentionally transmitting fatal disease.

228(A) IPC

• Disclosing the identity of the raped victim is punishable under 228(A) IPC.
• Punishment - Up to 2 years.

Drug And Food Safety - Punishment

272 IPC

• Adulteration of food.
• Liable for punishment.

273 IPC

• Selling noxious food intentionally.
• Selling contaminated or adulterated food.
• Liable for punishment.

274 IPC

• Adulteration of drugs intentionally.

275 IPC

• Selling adulterated drugs.

Negligence Leading Poisoning

284 IPC

• Negligence leading to poisoning can be punishable under the IPC section 284.

Homicide(Killing any human)

299 IPC

• Culpable homicide

300 IPC

• Culpable homicide amounting to murder
• The act is done with intention or with knowledge. 
• With the intention of causing death.
• With the intention of causing bodily injuries, likely to cause death.
• With the intention of causing bodily injuries, sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature.
• Act Is committed with the knowledge that the act is imminently dangerous to life.

304 IPC

• Culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
• ACT is done causing death in. Provocation
• No motive
• Self-defence
• Judicial hanging (Not punishable - Is decided by the court)
• Punishment: From 10 years to Life imprisonment.

302 IPC

• Life imprisonment or death sentence.

303 IPC

• Punishment for murder by life convict.

304 A IPC

• Rash or negligent DEATHS.
• Any rash or negligent acts causing death.
• Medical negligence.
• Punishment - 2 years ± Fine.

304B IPC B

• Dowry death.
• Punishment - 7 years to life imprisonment.

305 IPC

• Abetment of suicide of child or insane person.

306 IPC

• Abetment of suicide for adults.

Attempt 

307 IPC

• Attempt to murder.
• It is punishable.

308 IPC

• Attempt to culpable homicide.
• It is punishable.

309 IPC

• Attempt to suicide.
• Not punishable

Criminal Abortion                                                               

312 IPC

• With the consent of the mother.

313 IPC

• Without the consent of the mother.

314 IPC

• If there is a mother's death because of complications.

315 IPC

• Killing child or fetus about >28 weeks of gestation.

316 IPC

• The intention is to kill the mother, but the fetus gets killed.

317 IPC

• Abandoning the child below 12 years of age.

318 IPC

• Concealment of birth.

44 IPC.

• Injury is any illegal harm to four components: body, Mind (Mental Injury), Reputation, and Property.

Hurt

319 IPC.

• Whoever causes bodily pain, disease, or infirmity (kind of disability) to any person is said to cause hurt.
• Hurt is a type of body injury.

Grievous Hurt

320 IPC.

• Any kind of severe hurt - Grievous hurt.

321 and 322 IPC

321 IPC 

• Voluntarily producing hurt.

322 IPC

• Voluntarily producing grievous hurt.

Punishment for Voluntary Causing

323 IPC

• Hurt
• Punishment - 1 year or ₹1000 fine.

324 IPC.

• Hurt by dangerous weapon
• Punishment - 3 years.

325 IPC.

• Grievous hurt
• Punishment - 7 years.

326 IPC.

• Grievous hurt by dangerous weapon -
• Punishment - 10 years.
• It is a grievous hurt with serious injury.

328 IPC

Hurt by poison.

330 IPC

torture

331 IPC

Hurt.

332 IPC

Grievous Hurt. 

Vitriolage(Acid throwing)

326A IPC

• Acid attack
• Minimum punishment - 10 years to life imprisonment.

326B IPC

• Acid attack attempt
• Minimum punishment - 5-7 years.

334 IPC

• Hurt on provocation

335 IPC

• Grievous hurt on provocation

Assault

351 IPC

• Assault.
• It is the criminal force by which you produce fear in the opposite party through gesture, preparation (bullet in the weapon, knife), and word (threat).

351 IPC

• Examination of a patient by a doctor without consent

354 IPC 

•  Outraging the modesty of females.

354A IPC

• Sexual harassment.
• Punishment is imprisonment of 1 year to 5 years with or without a fine.

354B IPC

• Public disrobing.
• Removal of the clothes of females.
• Punishment is imprisonment of 3 years to 7 years and a fine.

S 354C IPC

Voyeurism.

• Punishment is imprisonment of 1 year, which may extend to 3 years, and a fine for repeat offense imprisonment of 3 to 7 years.

S 354D IPC

Stalking.

• Following a girl by any means, physical, telephone, or mobile.
• Punishment is imprisonment for up to 3

Kidnapping and Abduction IPC

359 IPC

• Kidnapping

360 IPC

• Kidnapping from India

361 IPC

• Kidnapping from lawful guardianship -.
  • Male - Below 16 years.
  • Female - Below 18 years.

362 IPC

• Abduction 
• There is no age limitation

364 IPC

• Abduction can lead to murder.
• It is punishable according to the intention.

366 IPC

• Want to marry someone by abducting

363 IPC

• Producing grievous hurt after abduction
• 7 years of punishment.

Rape and Unnatural Sexual Offences                    

• Defined under 375 IPC.
• Punishment under 376 IPC.

377 IPC

• Unnatural sexual offense.

498(A) IPC

• Cruelty by husband or in-laws’ family.
• It can be physical or mental cruelty.

509 IPC

• Insulting the modesty of women.
• Like - Starring, whistling.

510 IPC

• Misconduct nuisance after drinking alcohol.

Detailed video can be found on the PreLLadder app, under the subject forensic medicine under the subheading IPC sections. 

Also Read: Lightning Injuries: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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