Morphea: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Morphea is an uncommon condition that causes patches of discolored, painless skin.

Skin changes usually show up on the back, chest, or abdomen. However, they could also show up on your arms, legs, or face. The regions may eventually get smooth, hard, and dry. Morphea often only affects your skin's outermost layers. However, some variants of the illness may potentially impact deeper tissues and restrict joint mobility.

Over time, morphea typically gets better on its own, but flare-ups are frequent. Treatment options for skin darkening and associated adverse effects include medication and treatment.

Causes Of Morphea

The cause of morphea is unknown. It might arise from an unusual reaction of the immune system. Radiation therapy, medications, chemical poisoning, wounds to the affected area, or infections in those who are predisposed to the illness can all cause morphea. There is no spread of the sickness.

Symptoms Of Morphea

The signs and symptoms of morphea may vary depending on the type and stage of the sickness. Among them are:

• Oval, reddish-purplish skin patches that usually appear on the breast, belly, or back and have centers that gradually lighten or turn white
• Linear patches, especially on the arms, legs, forehead, and possibly the scalp
• The affected skin progressively changes, becoming more shiny, drier, thicker, and rigid.
• Morphea impacts not just the epidermis but also the subcutaneous tissue and bone. The illness frequently persists for several years before getting better or occasionally going away on its own. Blackened or discolored skin patches could result from it. Morphea might perhaps happen again.

Also Read: Granuloma Annulare: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

Risk Factors Of Morphea

Your risk of developing morphea may be influenced by the following factors:

• Being both white and a woman: Morphogenesis is more common in white women.
• Age: The condition can affect people at any age but usually  affect teenagers.
• A family history of morphea: Such a disease could run in the family. Families with patients who have morphea are more likely to have other autoimmune diseases as well as morphea.

Diagnosis Of Morphea

Your doctor may diagnose morphea by evaluating the diseased skin and talking about your indications and symptoms. Your doctor might also remove a small piece of skin, known as a skin biopsy, to have it tested in a lab.

 The dermis, or second layer of skin, may exhibit changes due to this, such as thickening of the collagen protein. Collagen is the material that makes up your skin and other connective tissues. It increases the suppleness and resilience of your skin.

Differentiating morphea from other conditions like systemic sclerosis is important. Therefore, your doctor may order a blood test for you or refer you to a dermatologist or rheumatologist, specialists in diseases of the skin, bones, and muscles, respectively.

If your child has head and neck morphea, take them for regular, thorough eye examinations. Eye damage resulting from morphea may be mild but irreversible. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasounds may be used to monitor the progression of your disease and your response to treatment.

Also Read: Impetigo: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Complications

Treatment  Of Morphea

Untreated morphea typically disappears within a few years. There could be discolored or darkened skin areas as a result. In order to manage your symptoms and signs until your illness resolves, you may want to consider therapy.

There are various treatment options, which vary based on the severity of your condition and how it affects your life. They include:

• Creams that contain medication: Your doctor may prescribe a vitamin D cream to help soften affected skin patches, such as calcipotriene. The first few months of treatment are usually when the skin starts to improve. Adverse effects include redness, burning, and stinging.
• Corticosteroids: Your doctor may also suggest a corticosteroid cream to reduce inflammation. When employed for a long time, these lotions may thin the skin.
• Phototherapy: Treatment for severe or widespread morphea may include phototherapy or exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
• Oral medications: For severe or extensive morphea, your doctor may prescribe an immunosuppressive medication, such as oral methotrexate, corticosteroid tablets, or both. As an alternative, your doctor can suggest hydroxychloroquine or mycophenolate mofetil. There could be negative consequences from all of these drugs. Have a discussion with your doctor about the benefits and drawbacks of any drug before using it.
• Physiotherapy: If the illness affects your joints, physical therapy could help you keep your range of motion.

Also Read: Pemphigus: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

Complications  Of Morphea

Complications from morphea can include the following:

• Problems with self-worth: Your self-worth and perception of your body may suffer if you get morphea, especially if you have discolored skin patches on your face, arms, or legs.
• Movement problems: Joint mobility may be compromised by morphea that impacts the arms or legs.
• Large patches of discolored, hardened skin: Generalized morphea is the term for a disorder in which numerous new patches of rigid, discolored skin may appear to connect.
• Hair and sweat gland loss: You can eventually experience sweat gland and hair loss in the afflicted area.
• Damage to the eyes: Children with head and neck morphea may develop lifelong eye impairment that is not evident.

Also Read: Neurodermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

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