Last 5 Year PYQs in Anatomy for FMGE

Q1. Identify the labeled tarsal bone in the image below.​

1. Calcaneus
2. Cuboid
3. Navicular
4. Talus

Ans. 3) Navicular

• There are 7 tarsal bones in the foot.
• The navicular is located medially in the midfoot between the talus posteriorly and the 3 cuneiform bones anteriorly.

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Q2. Identify the structure marked as ‘C’ in the below image.​

1. Caudate nucleus
2. Insula
3. Lentiform nucleus
4. Third ventricle

Ans. 3) Lentiform nucleus

• The basal ganglia is a nucleus deeply embedded in the brain hemisphere. It is a part of the cerebral hemisphere situated at the base of the forebrain and the top of the midbrain.
• Globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia components. Globus pallidus, along with putamen, forms the lentiform nucleus.
• Lentiform nucleus is found lateral to the head of the caudate nucleus and thalamus.

​Q3. A man who was on crutches now presents with tingling and paraesthesia on the medial side of the arm, forearm, and hand. Which structure is most likely to be affected?​

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Ans.1) A

• The structure A in the figure is the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus, located in the axilla, comprises nerve roots from C5 to T1, providing motor and sensory innervation to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
• Crutch use results in abnormal and repetitive weight-bearing through the upper extremities that may result in secondary injury. If the nerves that originate from the lower trunk in the brachial plexus are injured, the arm, wrist, and hand are affected, causing tingling and paraesthesias on the medial side of the arm.​

Q4. Identify the tendon marked in the image​

1. ​Flexor carpi radialis
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
3. Palmaris longus
4. Median nerve

​Ans. 1) Flexor carpi radialis

• The tendon marked in the image is the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Flexor carpi radialis muscle is a long flexor muscle lying in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It arises in the humeral epicondyle, close to the wrist area. It is a superficial muscle that becomes visible as the wrist flexes.​

Also read: FMGE Previous Year Questions for Pathology

Q5. A patient with leprosy presented with the deformity as shown below. Which nerve injury causes the given condition?​

1. Ulnar nerve
2. Radial nerve
3. Median nerve
4. Posterior interosseous nerve

Ans. 1) Ulnar nerve

• Ulnar nerve injury at the elbow: the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus are paralysed. Due to this paralysis, the medial border of the forearm becomes flattened. An attempt to produce flexion at the wrist results in abduction of the hand. The tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris does not tighten on making a fist. Flexion of the terminal phalanges of the ring and little fingers is lost.

Q6. Identify the tarsal bone labeled in the image below.

1. Calcaneus
2. Cuboid
3. Navicular
4. Talus

Ans. 3) Navicular

• This is the dorsoplantar view of the ankle and foot, which shows navicular bone.
• The navicular bone is boat-shaped. It is situated on the medial side of the foot, in front of the head of the talus, and behind the three cuneiform bones.
• Anatomical Position: It is held mediolaterally according to its side.​

Q7. What is the embryological basis of the developmental defects shown in the image below?​

1. Failure in closure of anterior neuropore of neural tube
2. Failure in closure of posterior neuropore of neural tube
3. Failure in closure of complete neural tube
4. Failure in closure of caudal neuropore of neural tube

Ans. 1) Failure in closure of anterior neuropore of neural tube

• The given image shows anencephaly due to non-closure of the anterior/cranial neuropore with an absent skull cap and a small, degenerated brain.

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Q8. A newborn presented to the NICU with respiratory distress and meconium discharge from the umbilicus. The condition occurs due to the patency of the structure.

1. Mesonephric duct
2. Allantois
3. Urachus
4. Vitelline Fistula

Ans. 4) Vitelline Fistula

• By the 7th week of development, the vitelline duct is completely obliterated and regresses into the umbilical cord.
• Remnants of the vitellointestinal duct may form a tumour at the umbilicus (raspberry red tumor or cherry red tumour). Persistence of a patent vitellointestinal duct results in a faecal fistula at the umbilicus.

Q9. Which artery is being palpated in the image shown below?​

1. Anterior tibial artery
2. Posterior tibial artery
3. Dorsalis pedis artery
4. Popliteal artery

 Ans. 2) Posterior tibial artery

• The posterior tibial pulse can be felt against the calcaneum about 2 cm below and behind the medial malleolus.
• The long tendon of plantaris is used for tendon transplantation in the body.
• Tendo calcaneus can rupture in tennis players 5 cm above its insertion. Plantar flexion is not possible. The two ends must be stitched​

​Q10. Identify the structure marked in the diagram showing the development of ovarian follicles.​

1. Primary follicle
2. Antral follicle
3. Primordial follicle
4. Corpus luteum

Ans. 2) Antral follicle

• The given structure marked in the image is a secondary folicle, also known as the antral folice.
• As meiosis progresses within the oocyte, primary follicles mature into secondary follicles, which then develop into antral follicles. Antral follicles eventually transform into mature follicles, also referred to as Graafian or tertiary follicles.

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Q11. A newborn had hypoplasia of the mandibles and zygomatic bones, malformed external ears, and slanted palpebral fissures. Abnormality in the development of which of the following pharyngeal arches will most likely lead to the given condition? 

1. Pharyngeal arch 1
2. Pharyngeal arch 2
3. Pharyngeal arch 3
4. Pharyngeal arch 4

Ans. 1) Pharyngeal arch 1

• The first pharyngeal arch, also known as the mandibular arch, is a crucial structure in embryonic development, forming part of the head and neck region. It gives rise to various structures that are essential for the formation of the face and neck.
• Defects in the development of this arch can result in a condition called mandibulofacial dysostosis or Treacher-Collins syndrome, which is characterized by the same features described in the scenario.​

Q12. Please identify the structure indicated in the image below.​

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Spinal cord

Ans. 2) Pons

• The marked structure in the image is the pons.
• It is visible on an MRI or CT scan as a larger bulge in the brainstem.
• In a sagittal section, the pons may appear as a larger, oval-shaped structure located below the midbrain and above the medulla oblongata. 

Q13. A patient underwent a left submandibular gland excision during which the hypoglossal nerve was injured. Which of the following deficits would be seen in this case? 

1. Deviated tongue to the contralateral side
2. Deviated tongue to the same side
3. Inability to protrude tongue
4. Loss of taste in posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

 Ans. 2) Deviated tongue to the same side

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Q14. An exhausted man was brought to the casualty with minimal response. He had a progressive history of weakness in his body for 2 days with facial droop and slurring speech . Which vessel is likely to be thrombosed?

1. Posterior cerebral artery
2. Anterior cerebral artery
3. Middle cerebral artery
4. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Ans. 3) Middle cerebral artery

• The middle cerebral artery (MCA) mainly supplies the oxygenated blood to the specific part of the brain parenchyma. The cortical branches of MCA supply the brain parenchyma of the primary motor and somatosensory cortical areas of the face, trunk, and upper limbs, apart from the insular and auditory cortex.  

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