Mar 12, 2023
Way Forward
A Japanese Prime Minister's advisor recently voiced concern about Japan's low birth rates, claiming that if things "go on like this," the nation will vanish.
Why are developed countries staring at low birth rates? Comment (150 words, 10 marks)
Also Read: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition- NCERT Notes UPSC
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Additional Information: Indian Government Initiatives: Mission Parivar Vikas: In order to significantly increase access to contraceptives and family planning services in 146 high fertility districts with TFR of 3 and above in seven high focus states, the government introduced Mission Parivar Vikas in 2017. The National Family Planning Indemnity Scheme (NFPIS) was introduced in 2005, and clients are covered under this programme in the case of death, complications, or failure following sterilization. Compensation Plan for Sterilization Acceptors: Under the plan, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare compensates the beneficiary as well as the service provider (and team) for salary losses incurred when sterilizations are performed starting in 2014. |
News Source: The Indian Express
Demographic theories say that eventually, education and prosperity mean births are also low and the net change in population is again minimal. This is where developed countries are. There usually are accompanying improvements in this stage, such as improved life expectancy, quality of life, fewer infant deaths and improved health of women at childbirth. But if deaths exceed births the overall population will reduce year-by-year, as in the case of Japan. Urbanization and modernisation have meant high living costs, making it expensive to raise kids, and traditional gender roles have caused inequality in the workplace with the task of child-rearing mostly falling on women.
In less developed nations, birth rates are high because families need children to labour and support the family financially. Because there aren't enough benefits, children must take care of their elderly parents. Lack of access to and understanding of family planning and contraception.
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