Important MCQ’s in Pediatric Oncology for NEET SS Pediatrics

Q1. A 13-year-old girl presents with a history of pain in her left arm for several weeks. The pain is located in the shoulder and upper arm and is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication. Physical examination reveals tenderness to palpation in the proximal humerus. An X-ray of the affected area shows a well-defined, radiolucent lesion in the proximal humerus. The lesion does not appear to be causing any cortical disruption or other bone changes. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient's condition?

1. Non-ossifying fibroma

2. Enchondroma

3. Chondroblastoma

4. Osteosarcoma

Ans. 2) Enchondroma

Also read: Pediatric Oncologic Emergencies

Q2. A 12-year-old girl presents with a limp and pain in her right leg. An X-ray shows a lytic lesion with a "ground-glass" appearance in the proximal femur. A lesion biopsy shows fibrous tissue with scattered trabeculae of woven bone. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

1. Osteosarcoma

2. Ewing's sarcoma

3. Fibrous dysplasia

4. Chondrosarcoma 

Ans. 3) Fibrous dysplasia

Q3. A 15-year-old girl presents with chondrosarcoma in her right femur. She reports having pain and swelling in her thigh for several weeks. Imaging reveals a tumour located in the medullary cavity of the bone, and a biopsy confirms the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. What type of chondrosarcoma is this?

1. Central

2. Peripheral

3. Dedifferentiated

4. Mesenchymal

Ans. 1) Central

Q4. A 6-year-old male child is brought to the pediatric oncology department by his parents with a complaint of persistent headache for the last 5 days. He had a history of losing consciousness suddenly after suffering from a headache for the previous five days. The Glasgow coma scale result after the evaluation is E₂V₂M₅. An urgent CT scan of his brain reveals obstructive hydrocephalus and a tumour near his pineal gland. A third ventriculostomy is done in the emergency setting. The presence of placental alkaline phosphatase in the CSF fluid turns out to be positive. What could be the most likely diagnosis here?

1. Germinoma

2. Choriocarcinoma

3. Endodermal sinus tumour

4. Teratoma

Ans. 1) Germinoma

Also read: NEET SS Pediatrics Most Important MCQS

Q5. A 10-year-old male child is brought to the pediatric department by his parents after undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for an intracranial brain tumour. The tumour is found in the posterior fossa, in the midline of the cerebellum. It has a significant cystic component as well as an avidly enhancing nodular mural component. T2 weighted imaging reveals a strong signal from the nodule. He also suffers from obstructive hydrocephalus. Histology reveals low cellularity and lengthy cellular processes. Radiotherapy plays which of the following roles in the treatment of these tumours?

1. No role because these tumours are not radiotherapy sensitive

2. Not first-line because surgical resection is usually curative, but it can be used as an additional treatment for unresectable components.

3. First-line therapy to avoid surgery in children

4. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy is the standard of care

Ans. 2) Not first-line because surgical resection is usually curative, but it can be used as an additional treatment for unresectable components.

Q6. What is the likely diagnosis for a 9-year-old boy with persistent headaches, ataxic gait, dysdiadochokinesia, and a cystic tumor in the right cerebral lobe on CT scan, showing positive staining for GFAP and hair-like processes under the microscope, following neurosurgery revealing a gelatin-filled cyst with a thin-walled, 1-cm mosaic nodule? 

1. Astrocytoma

2. Hemangioblastoma

3. Meningioma

4. Schwannoma 

Ans. 1) Astrocytoma

Q7. A 5-month-old male infant is brought by his mother to the pediatric outpatient department complaining of fever and constipation for the last five days. He has a temperature of 101°F and a respiratory rate of more than 40 breaths per minute. An abdominal mass is palpated on examination, and his testes are empty. His mother gave a history of undescended testes at birth. What would be elevated in this disorder? 

1. CA-19

2. CA-125

3. Alpha-feto protein

4. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Ans. 3) Alpha-feto protein 

Also read: NEET SS Pediatrics Growth and Development Questions

Q8. A 9-year-old male child is brought by his father to the pediatric surgery department complaining of swelling in his right testicle for the last three days. He also reports a dull ache in the scrotum for the previous three weeks. His examination reveals swelling of the scrotum and minimal fluid in the scrotum. There are elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein and beta human chorionic gonadotrophin. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

1. Teratoma

2. Leydig cell tumour

3. Seminoma

4. Gonadoblastoma

Ans. 3) Seminoma

Q9. A 1-month-baby girl was presented in the outpatient department by her parents with the complaint of a bright red colour patch on her lower eyelid for the past 1 week. On examination, the patch is covered by overlying skin and is blanchable. What is the diagnosis of this patient? 

1. Cystic hygroma

2. Infantile hemangioma

3. Nevus

4. Mongolian spots

Ans. 2) Infantile hemangioma

Q10. A 6-month-old infant is brought in by her parents for evaluation of a reddish lesion over her scalp. On examination, she is noted to have a segmental hemangioma about 6 cm in size extending over the scalp and face. An MRI brain shows hypoplasia of the cerebellum. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

1. Sturge-Weber syndrome

2. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

3. PHACE syndrome

4. Von Hipple-Lindau disease

Ans. 3) PHACE syndrome

Also read: Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Q11. A 2-month-old boy is diagnosed with facial hemangioma. Which of the following test should be performed in this patient?

1. Laryngoscopy

2. MRI of the head

3. Ultrasound of the liver

4. Ultrasound of the spine

Ans. 2) MRI of the head 

Q12. A 2-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, jaundice, and vomiting. Physical examination reveals hepatomegaly and a palpable abdominal mass. A liver biopsy shows hepatoblastoma. Which tumour markers are most likely to be elevated in this patient? 

1. CA 19-9

2. CA 125

3. AFP

4. CA 15-3 

Ans. 3) AFP 

Q13. A 3-year-old child presents with a palpable abdominal mass and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. Imaging reveals a large liver mass, and a biopsy confirms the diagnosis of hepatoblastoma. Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatoblastoma in children? 

1. Cystic fibrosis

2. Neurofibromatosis type 1

3. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

4. Marfan syndrome

Ans. 3) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Also read: Hepatoblastoma in Children

Q14. A 5-year-old boy presents with a history of rhabdomyosarcoma and complains of muscle weakness, pain, and dark urine. Laboratory tests show elevated levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin in the blood. Which of the following is the most likely complication associated with rhabdomyosarcoma in this child? 

1. Cardiomyopathy

2. Neuroblastoma

3. Osteosarcoma

4. Rhabdomyolysis

Ans. 4) Rhabdomyolysis

Q15. A 7-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician with a complaint of persistent pain and swelling in his left thigh for the past 3 weeks. On examination, there is a firm, non-tender mass in the thigh. Imaging studies reveal a large soft-tissue mass with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 

1. Rhabdomyosarcoma

2. Osteosarcoma

3. Ewing's sarcoma

4. Lymphoma 

Ans. 1) Rhabdomyosarcoma

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