Jan 3, 2025
Epidemiology & Variants
Viral Triggers
Clinical Picture
Laboratory Investigations
Neuroimaging
Treatment
Complication
Prognosis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) belongs to a group of disorders called Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs). Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. An acute demyelinating inflammatory monophasic polyfocal (multifocal) neurological disorder of childhood. Has encephalopathy with MRI T lesions as hallmarks.
Neurological functional disorders characterized by immune-mediated injury to the myelin sheath in: CNS, Spinal cord, Optic nerve- sometimes
Most commonly mediated by 2 types of IgG antibodies → Responsible for demyelination: AQP4-Antibody
MOG-antibody
Mean age: 5-8 years, although any age can be affected. Most cases occur in the first decade of life.
Males > Females (1.3:1). Incidence: 0.1-0.6 per 100000 children per year.
Initial infection (Usually viral GIT / Viral Respiratory)
↓
Trigger the formation of antibodies
↓
Antibodies cross-react with CNS autoantigens (AQP4 and MOG antigens)
(Molecular Mimicry)
↓
Cause demyelination & encephalopathy
Weston-Hurst disease
Most children attain full motor recovery in 1-3 months. No new MRI features or symptoms appear after 3months. Cognitive & behavioural issues may persist for long. Recovery starts within days of onset, but symptoms can fluctuate.
Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Pediatrics Neurology Preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.
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