High yield NEET SS Medicine Endocrinology Questions

Preparing for the NEET SS exam can feel like navigating a maze, but fear not! We have got the perfect strategy to help you gauge your readiness by giving you a sneak peek into the exam format.

Dive into the NEET SS high-yield questions to gain insight into what to expect. Get started by practicing the questions below, boost your confidence and fine tune your NEET SS Medicine preparation.

1.A 42-year-old male comes to the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. He reports a 5-month history of epigastric pain that improves with meals. He has lost 15 pounds since the pain started. His past medical history is significant for a prolactinoma for which he underwent transsphenoidal resection. He drinks alcohol socially and has a 10-pack-year smoking history. His family history is notable for a maternal uncle with a parathyroid adenoma. His vitals are within the normal range. After further workup, the patient is started on octreotide, an analogue of an endogenously produced hormone. When this hormone is produced by the hypothalamus, it has which of the following effects?

1. Decrease production of cholecystokinin
2. Decrease production of growth hormone
3. Decrease production of prolactin
4. Decrease production of gastrin

2.A 28-year-old lady presented in OPD with hirsutism, type 2 diabetes, truncal obesity, and menstrual irregularities. On examination, easy bruising and purplish striae are present. Her lab investigation shows suppression of a high level of ACTH following a 2mg of dexamethasone suppression test. In addition, hypernatremia and hypokalemia are also noticed, and an MRI scan shows a pituitary tumour. What is the best management for this patient?

1. Trans-sphenoidal surgery
2. Adrenalectomy
3. Somatostatin analogue
4. Cyproheptadine and bromocriptine

3.A 27-year-old female presents with complaints of extreme fatigue, headache, and malaise. She had an uncomplicated delivery 4 months back. Her thorough examination showed no significant findings. Laboratory tests showed decreased levels of some pituitary hormones. MRI of the pituitary revealed symmetrical enlargement of the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk and loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Pituitary adenoma
2. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
3. Lymphocytic hypophysitis
4. Sheehan syndrome

4. A 30-year-old female came to the clinic complaining that she could not breastfeed her baby because she had not been able to produce milk for the last 4 months. She underwent a cesarean section 8 months back and required multiple blood transfusions due to hypovolemia. She also complains of fatigue, lethargy, hot flashes and irregular menses. Which additional finding is most likely to be seen in this patient?

1. Increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
2. Increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
3. Decreased prolactin levels
4. Increased sodium levels

5.A 52-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, and dizziness for the past few weeks. His labs show euvolemic hyponatremia. The urine osmolality is higher than the serum osmolality, and the diagnosis of Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is suspected. Which hypothalamus part naturally synthesises and secures most of the body's antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

1. Paraventricular nucleus
2. Supraoptic nucleus
3. Infundibular nucleus
4. Median eminence

6.A researcher is studying the effects of a certain hormone on the laboratory rats. This hormone exerts its effects via IGF-1 and is involved in several metabolic processes of the tissues. Which of the following process will be accelerated by this hormone as a result of exercise?

1. Catabolism of amino acids
2. Carbohydrate utilization
3. RNA translation
4. Glucose uptake by fat cells

7.A 45-year-old woman undergoes investigation for her hypertension. She is noted to have a blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg associated with a potassium of 3.1 mEq/L (3.5-5). Review of the history reveals she takes no medication but likes eating liquorice. What is the likely underlying mechanism of her hypertension?

1. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess
2. Atypical variant of CAH
3. Conn's syndrome
4. Glucocorticoid remedial aldosteronism

8.A 50-year-old man comes to you to evaluate weight gain of 12 kgs over the past 4 months. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He also complained of vision loss in both temporal sides of the visual field for the last 2-months. He is a non-smoker. The patient appears lethargic. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg. Physical examination shows central obesity, acne, and thin, easily bruisable skin with purplish striae on the abdomen and thin extremities with decreased muscle strength. There is a darkening of the skin creases and mucus membranes. His serum glucose concentration is 280 mg/dL, and serum ACTH is markedly elevated. Chest X-ray shows no abnormality. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Pituitary adenoma
2. Adrenal adenoma
3. Adrenal carcinoma
4. Small-cell lung cancer

9.A 30-year-old male comes to the office due to weakness for one year. He also has experienced weight loss due to reduced appetite and intermittent diarrhoea. The patient has no history of any substance or tobacco abuse. The vital signs are normal, except blood pressure is 96/66 mmhg. The cardiopulmonary examination is normal. Laboratory result shows: 

• Potassium = 5.4 mEq/L
• Sodium = 129 mEq/L
• 8 am cortisol = 7.2 mcg/dL (normal 5-223 mcg/dL)
• TSH = 2.4 mIU/L (0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L)

Which of the following should be the next best step?

1. An expressed 24-hour urine-free cortisone
2. ACTH stimulation test
3. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia test
4. Intravenous hydrocortisone

10. A 57-year-old male complains of frequent headaches and palpitations. He also noticed his blood pressure had remained high for six months. The patient is diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is composed of which of the following cells?

1. Signet ring cells
2. Chromaffin cells
3. Plasma cells
4. Reed-Sternberg cells

11. A 40-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain, vomiting, and hypovolemic shock. His condition is not better with fluid resuscitation. He has been taking steroids for 3 months and suddenly stopped steroids for 3 days. He is in an Adrenal crisis. What is the management of an Adrenal crisis?

1. High dose hydrocortisone
2. Immediate administration of fludrocortisone
3. Intravenous antibiotics
4. High dose of epinephrine

12. A 16-year-old female presents with hirsutism, irregular periods, and acne since her menarche. On examination, she has a deep voice and male-patterned hair growth. Laboratory investigations reveal high levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone. The clinician suspects androgenic excess due to an endocrine disorder. Which of the following modes of inheritance is most commonly associated with this patient’s endocrine disorder?

1. Autosomal dominant
2. X-linked dominant
3. Autosomal recessive
4. X-linked recessive

13. A 35-year-old man with intermittent stomach pain and weight loss appears with these symptoms. Upon physical examination, the right upper quadrant of the body has a palpable lump. Serum androstenedione and dihydroepiandrostenedione sulphate (DHEAS) levels are increased, according to laboratory tests. According to imaging investigations, the right adrenal gland has a 4 cm bulk. Which of the subsequent diagnoses is most likely?

1. Adrenocortical adenomas
2. Adrenocortical cancer
3. Neuroblastoma
4. Ganglioneuroma

14. A 32-year-old female presents to the medicine outpatient department complaining of flu-like symptoms for the last week. Her examination reveals a rash on the upper extremity and a painful tender thyroid gland. Her radioiodine uptake is low, and there is a low level of TSH. Her euthyroid stage is replaced by hypothyroid as hormones are depleted. She also has a high ESR. She is commenced on NSAIDS and aspirin. Which of the following antigen is associated with this disorder?

1. HLA-B27
2. HLA-B35
3. HLA DR3
4. HLA DR4

15. A 78-year-old man presented through the outpatient medical department and was diagnosed with a case of end-stage renal disease, now complained of severe abdominal pain, tingling sensations in peripheries and face for two days and has been unable to perform routine tasks since then. ECG showed prolonged Q-T interval. He had a history of multiple sessions of hemodialysis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Primary Hyperparathyroidism
2. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
3. Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
4. Hypoparathyroidism

16. 55-year-old man undergoes a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance subsequent to a fasting plasma glucose measurement of 8.3 mmol/L (< 6) conducted by his GP. The results of his 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test reveal a fasting plasma glucose of (<5.6) and 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose of (< 7.8). Which of the following is a recognised feature of type 2 diabetes?

1. 30% of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome will have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
2. C-Peptide is usually low or absent at diagnosis
3. Genetic mutation has been identified in up to 30% of patients at diagnosis
4. Has a low identical twin concordance

17. A 25-year-old lady attends antenatal clinic at 14 weeks gestation, having recently been commenced on basal bolus insulin following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes. She has no family history of diabetes, but was diagnosed with gestational diabetes during her first pregnancy 2 years previously which resulted in the successful birth of a 5.3 kg baby boy. On examination her blood pressure is 136/76 mmHg, her BMI is 31 kg/m², her waist circumference is 84 cm and fundoscopy reveals no evidence of retinopathy. What should be the HbA1c target for this lady prior to her pregnancy?

1. < 5.5%
2. < 6.1%
3. < 6.5%
4. < 7%

18. A 53-year-old on continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy is due to be admitted for a hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy under general anaesthetic. She has been on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy for 5 years and has an HbA1c of 5.5%. The anaesthetist contacts you for advice on glycaemic management during surgery. What will you advise?

1. Stop the pump at midnight before the procedure and commence intravenous insulin and glucose at 6 am to cover the intraoperative procedure and restart the pump when eating and drinking
2. Continue the pump therapy with the anaesthetist monitoring the blood glucoses intra-operatively and giving intravenous glucose if needed
3. Switch to intravenous glucose and insulin the night before the procedure and continue until eating and drinking
4. Discontinue the pump on induction of anaesthesia and observe glucoses. Start intravenous insulin if needed

19. A 45-year-old woman arrives at the clinic complaining of frequent urination and extreme thirst. She claims to drink three to four litres of water daily and get up multiple times at night to go to the bathroom. There are no obvious abnormalities found during a physical checkup. According to test results, the urine had a low specific gravity, and the serum salt level was 145 mEq/L. What is the next step in this patient's care?

1. Start the patient on desmopressin therapy.
2. Order a water deprivation test.
3. Initiate fluid restriction
4. Begin treatment with a loop diuretic

20. A 2-month-old male infant is brought to the emergency department with poor feeding and lethargy. On physical examination, he appears pale with hepatomegaly and a distended abdomen. Laboratory studies reveal hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, and elevated lactate levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Pompe Disease
2. Von-Gierke disease
3. Galactosemia
4. Gaucher disease

Also Read: NEET SS Medicine: List of Important Topics

Also Read: Special Considerations in Diabetes Mellitus

Hope you found this blog helpful for your NEET SS Endocrinology Preparation. For more informative and interesting posts like these, keep reading PrepLadder’s blogs.